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<p>To address the thermal degradation and efficiency limitations of traditional drying methods on the active compounds of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>, a novel drying technique combining ultrasonic pretreatment with vacuum far-infrared drying (US-VFIRD) was developed. Ultrasonic cavitation disturbs the hydrogen bond network of the cell wall, promotes the desorption and migration of bound water, and reduces resistance to mass transfer. This was subsequently coupled with vacuum far-infrared drying (50&#xa0;°C, − 20&#xa0;kPa), which created a mild thermal environment to inhibit the degradation of heat-sensitive components. This synergy has been demonstrated to enhance the drying kinetics; in the 60 W/40&#xa0;kHz/20&#xa0;min group, the maximum drying rate attained was 0.02853&#xa0;g/(g·min), which is 30% higher than the untreated control. The XGBoost multi-objective model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99, MSE = 0.00013) was used to quantify the effects of ultrasonic parameters on water migration, revealing that the interaction between power and frequency was the dominant influencing factor. The findings of the quality analysis demonstrated that the 60 W/40&#xa0;kHz/30&#xa0;min group exhibited the highest total flavonoid retention rate (218.7&#xa0;mg/g), with a 34.2% increase in total phenolic content and a 46.00% improvement in antioxidant activity. These improvements were attributed to the preservation of cell microstructure and minimized thermal damage. This integrated technology not only enhances energy efficiency (COP<sub>d</sub> up to 0.0144) but also ensures quality retention, providing valuable theoretical support for the high-quality and efficient processing of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>.</p>

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Optimization of Scutellaria baicalensis Drying Using Combined Ultrasound and Vacuum Far-Infrared Technology: Drying Kinetics and Bioactive Preservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Zewen Zhu,
  • Xiaopeng Huang,
  • Guojun Ma,
  • Fangxin Wan,
  • ZePeng Zang,
  • Fei Dai,
  • Pan Wang,
  • YanRui Xu,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Ying Liu,
  • WenLi Ma

摘要

To address the thermal degradation and efficiency limitations of traditional drying methods on the active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis, a novel drying technique combining ultrasonic pretreatment with vacuum far-infrared drying (US-VFIRD) was developed. Ultrasonic cavitation disturbs the hydrogen bond network of the cell wall, promotes the desorption and migration of bound water, and reduces resistance to mass transfer. This was subsequently coupled with vacuum far-infrared drying (50 °C, − 20 kPa), which created a mild thermal environment to inhibit the degradation of heat-sensitive components. This synergy has been demonstrated to enhance the drying kinetics; in the 60 W/40 kHz/20 min group, the maximum drying rate attained was 0.02853 g/(g·min), which is 30% higher than the untreated control. The XGBoost multi-objective model (R2 > 0.99, MSE = 0.00013) was used to quantify the effects of ultrasonic parameters on water migration, revealing that the interaction between power and frequency was the dominant influencing factor. The findings of the quality analysis demonstrated that the 60 W/40 kHz/30 min group exhibited the highest total flavonoid retention rate (218.7 mg/g), with a 34.2% increase in total phenolic content and a 46.00% improvement in antioxidant activity. These improvements were attributed to the preservation of cell microstructure and minimized thermal damage. This integrated technology not only enhances energy efficiency (COPd up to 0.0144) but also ensures quality retention, providing valuable theoretical support for the high-quality and efficient processing of Scutellaria baicalensis.