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<p>Real-time monitoring of fish freshness during chilled storage is critical for reducing waste and ensuring safety. To address this, we developed an innovative dual-functional label by integrating pH-sensitive anthocyanin (AC) and antimicrobial cinnamaldehyde into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/gelatin (GEL) matrix. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques demonstrated successful component integration. Gelatin enhanced flexibility, increasing tensile strength by 41.88% versus HPMC-only films. The label exhibited rapid ammonia response and distinct color transitions from purplish red to grayish green. During 12-day chilled storage of grass carp, the label accurately reflected spoilage, correlating with pH (&gt; 7.5), TVB-N (&gt; 20&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g), and TVC (&gt; 7 log CFU/g) thresholds. Critically, HPMC/GEL/AC/Cin reduced TVC by 1.65 log cycles and TVB-N by 23.69% versus controls, demonstrating simultaneous preservation and real-time visual spoilage monitoring. This work offers a new choice in intelligent food packaging and provides a data-validated approach to enhance shelf-life management and safety in perishable foods.</p>

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Development and Characterization of HPMC/Gelatin-Based Colorimetric Smart Labels for Monitoring Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Freshness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Qi Yu,
  • Min Zhang,
  • Bhesh Bhandari,
  • Min Huang,
  • Luming Rui

摘要

Real-time monitoring of fish freshness during chilled storage is critical for reducing waste and ensuring safety. To address this, we developed an innovative dual-functional label by integrating pH-sensitive anthocyanin (AC) and antimicrobial cinnamaldehyde into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/gelatin (GEL) matrix. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques demonstrated successful component integration. Gelatin enhanced flexibility, increasing tensile strength by 41.88% versus HPMC-only films. The label exhibited rapid ammonia response and distinct color transitions from purplish red to grayish green. During 12-day chilled storage of grass carp, the label accurately reflected spoilage, correlating with pH (> 7.5), TVB-N (> 20 mg/100 g), and TVC (> 7 log CFU/g) thresholds. Critically, HPMC/GEL/AC/Cin reduced TVC by 1.65 log cycles and TVB-N by 23.69% versus controls, demonstrating simultaneous preservation and real-time visual spoilage monitoring. This work offers a new choice in intelligent food packaging and provides a data-validated approach to enhance shelf-life management and safety in perishable foods.