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<p>Pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted combined mode of freezing with the preliminary vacuum freezing (VF) down to − 6&#xa0;°C followed by conventional freezing (CF) in the freezer at − 20&#xa0;°C has been studied. The fresh carrot tissue was electroporated to different levels of cell disintegration index <i>Z</i> = 0–0.9 (<i>E</i> = 0–400 V/cm, <i>t</i><sub>PEF</sub> = 0–1 s). It was demonstrated that PEF significantly accelerated the kinetics of CF and impacted the texture, moisture losses, and microstructure of thawed carrots. For example, at a high disintegration index (<i>Z</i> = 0.9), the total freezing time was shortened by ≈1.21 times for the CF procedure and by ≈1.57 times for the combined VF + CF procedure. The softening of textures of carrots was observed; however, for both CF and VF + CF procedures, they were comparable. Application of both CF and VF + CF procedures resulted in the increase of the size of pores inside the carrot tissues. However, the water losses for the combined VF + CF protocol were significantly smaller than those for the CF protocol.</p>

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Pulsed Electric Field Assisted Combined Freezing of Carrot Tissue: Preliminary Vacuum Freezing Followed by Supplementary Conventional Freezing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Yuqi Huang,
  • Olivier Bals,
  • Nikolai Lebovka,
  • Eugène Vorobiev

摘要

Pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted combined mode of freezing with the preliminary vacuum freezing (VF) down to − 6 °C followed by conventional freezing (CF) in the freezer at − 20 °C has been studied. The fresh carrot tissue was electroporated to different levels of cell disintegration index Z = 0–0.9 (E = 0–400 V/cm, tPEF = 0–1 s). It was demonstrated that PEF significantly accelerated the kinetics of CF and impacted the texture, moisture losses, and microstructure of thawed carrots. For example, at a high disintegration index (Z = 0.9), the total freezing time was shortened by ≈1.21 times for the CF procedure and by ≈1.57 times for the combined VF + CF procedure. The softening of textures of carrots was observed; however, for both CF and VF + CF procedures, they were comparable. Application of both CF and VF + CF procedures resulted in the increase of the size of pores inside the carrot tissues. However, the water losses for the combined VF + CF protocol were significantly smaller than those for the CF protocol.