Seizure Action Plans: Closing the Gap Between Therapeutics and their Implementation
摘要
Epilepsy is a major global health challenge affecting nearly 70 million people, a substantial portion of whom do not achieve seizure control. We review the intersection of existing and novel treatments as well as seizure action plans (SAPs) as powerful tools for promoting seizure control.
Recent FindingsDespite the existence of effective pharmacotherapies for seizure termination, many people with epilepsy do not achieve rapid and early seizure termination (REST). Uncontrolled seizures are a key risk factor for decline in quality of life, cognitive function, progression to status epilepticus, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Seizure action plans (SAP) are brief, accessible communication devices designed to facilitate seizure termination in community settings. SAPs formalize the medical history and treatment approach for acute seizures, including treatment for differing seizure semiologies within the same patient, as well as seizure clusters and prolonged seizures. Unfortunately, SAPs are underutilized by both providers and patients. Even in pediatric settings, where they are often mandated in schools, nearly half of providers do not utilize SAPs. Key strategies to improve SAP creation and uptake include incorporating standardized SAP forms in the electronic medical record and devoting time to SAP explanation by nursing prior to clinic or hospital discharge, in addition to medicolegal mandates. Significant gaps in the approval or availability of seizure termination agents exist globally, but novel therapeutic approaches including pulmonary and oramucosal benzodiazepine delivery, as well as alternative approaches such as neurosteroids and vagus nerve stimulators, offer cause for optimism in the management of acute seizures.
SummarySeizure action plans are a critical tool for neurologists to bridge the gap between the arrival of these therapeutics and their effective implementation in the care of people with epilepsy.