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Purpose of Review <p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, but their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are well recognized, GI hypomotility, including constipation, remains underreported and poorly understood. This retrospective study aims to characterize ICI-related constipation as a potential irAE and explore its clinical significance, presentation, and management.</p> Recent Findings <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult cancer patients treated with ICIs who developed constipation attributed to therapy between 2010 and 2024 at a tertiary cancer center. Among 72 patients, most received PD-1/L1 inhibitors, with melanoma being the most common cancer type. Symptoms typically began around three months after ICI initiation and lasted a median of 20 days. Some patients also experienced upper GI symptoms, indicating potential widespread motility disruption. Although medical treatment improved symptoms in the majority, recurrence was common, and a subset required hospitalization or experienced complications such as bowel obstruction.</p> Summary <p>ICI-related constipation may reflect a broader GI motility disturbance and represents an underrecognized irAE. Findings highlight the need for increased awareness, better diagnostic criteria, and targeted interventions. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms and inform management strategies to improve patient outcomes.</p>

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Constipation Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Raakhi Menon,
  • Sharada Wali,
  • Rohan Ahuja,
  • Samuel Black,
  • Aliyah Pabani,
  • Shilpa Grover,
  • Samita Garg,
  • Gengqing Song,
  • Anusha Thomas,
  • Lavanya Viswanathan,
  • Mehnaz A. Shafi,
  • Yinghong Wang

摘要

Purpose of Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, but their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are well recognized, GI hypomotility, including constipation, remains underreported and poorly understood. This retrospective study aims to characterize ICI-related constipation as a potential irAE and explore its clinical significance, presentation, and management.

Recent Findings

A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult cancer patients treated with ICIs who developed constipation attributed to therapy between 2010 and 2024 at a tertiary cancer center. Among 72 patients, most received PD-1/L1 inhibitors, with melanoma being the most common cancer type. Symptoms typically began around three months after ICI initiation and lasted a median of 20 days. Some patients also experienced upper GI symptoms, indicating potential widespread motility disruption. Although medical treatment improved symptoms in the majority, recurrence was common, and a subset required hospitalization or experienced complications such as bowel obstruction.

Summary

ICI-related constipation may reflect a broader GI motility disturbance and represents an underrecognized irAE. Findings highlight the need for increased awareness, better diagnostic criteria, and targeted interventions. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms and inform management strategies to improve patient outcomes.