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Purpose of Review <p>To provide an evidence-based, expert-informed overview of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC).</p> Recent Findings <p>Anthracyclines are highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agents but may cause AIC and subsequent heart failure. AIC can present acutely or years after treatment completion. Its pathophysiology involves dose-dependent cardiomyocyte injury driven by oxidative stress and DNA damage. Preventive strategies may be considered in patients at high or very high risk, though data guiding optimal timing and approach remain limited. Once heart failure develops, patients with AIC appear to have similar short-term prognoses and comparable recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction to those with ischemic or other non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, but long-term outcomes may be worse.</p> Summary <p> Key knowledge gaps persist. Future research should focus on improved risk stratification and integration of novel surveillance and prevention strategies during and after cancer therapy, supported by close cardiology–oncology collaboration.</p>

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Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Subsequent Heart Failure: A 2026 Update of Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Adom Netsanet,
  • Anees Daud,
  • Roberta Florido

摘要

Purpose of Review

To provide an evidence-based, expert-informed overview of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC).

Recent Findings

Anthracyclines are highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agents but may cause AIC and subsequent heart failure. AIC can present acutely or years after treatment completion. Its pathophysiology involves dose-dependent cardiomyocyte injury driven by oxidative stress and DNA damage. Preventive strategies may be considered in patients at high or very high risk, though data guiding optimal timing and approach remain limited. Once heart failure develops, patients with AIC appear to have similar short-term prognoses and comparable recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction to those with ischemic or other non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, but long-term outcomes may be worse.

Summary

Key knowledge gaps persist. Future research should focus on improved risk stratification and integration of novel surveillance and prevention strategies during and after cancer therapy, supported by close cardiology–oncology collaboration.