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Purpose of Review <p>Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals experience disproportionate mental health burdens compared to cisgender heterosexual, lesbian, gay and bisexual populations. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) framework explains how systemic prejudice drives these disparities. Our narrative review synthetizes recent expansions of the model, including novel psychological mediators, integrative frameworks and criticisms.</p> Recent Findings <p>The literature underscores the complex, socially embedded relationships between GMSR factors and mental health. Moreover, the distress related to gender incongruence may be reconceptualized as emerging from dynamic transactions between the social settings and the individual. Social invalidation, rejection and non-affirmation of gender identity in the developmental age can also impact wellbeing as forms of Gender Minority Stress.</p> Summary <p>Attributing mental health challenges to internal identity processes needs to shift toward systemic invalidation as a key driver, centering the diversity of TGD experiences, beyond narratives of suffering, as positive journeys of gender affirmation.</p>

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Gender Minority Stress and Resilience, Mental Health and Wellbeing in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals: A Narrative Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Ilaria Turone,
  • Emma Elisabeth Skovby Petersen,
  • Michael Winterdahl,
  • Gianluca Serafini,
  • Maria Lucia Pop

摘要

Purpose of Review

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals experience disproportionate mental health burdens compared to cisgender heterosexual, lesbian, gay and bisexual populations. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) framework explains how systemic prejudice drives these disparities. Our narrative review synthetizes recent expansions of the model, including novel psychological mediators, integrative frameworks and criticisms.

Recent Findings

The literature underscores the complex, socially embedded relationships between GMSR factors and mental health. Moreover, the distress related to gender incongruence may be reconceptualized as emerging from dynamic transactions between the social settings and the individual. Social invalidation, rejection and non-affirmation of gender identity in the developmental age can also impact wellbeing as forms of Gender Minority Stress.

Summary

Attributing mental health challenges to internal identity processes needs to shift toward systemic invalidation as a key driver, centering the diversity of TGD experiences, beyond narratives of suffering, as positive journeys of gender affirmation.