Purpose of Review <p>To provide an update on the pathophysiology, phenotyping, and management of post-traumatic headache (PTH) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to propose a phenotype-guided framework for evaluation and treatment.</p> Recent Findings <p>Emerging evidence suggests that PTH represents a distinct pathophysiological entity rather than simply a variant of migraine. Recent studies involving calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), autonomic dysfunction, and neuroimaging biomarkers suggest that PTH may comprise several biologically distinct subgroups rather than a single disorder. Current management increasingly emphasizes phenotype-guided treatment and multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions. However, PTH-specific randomized trial data remain limited, and most treatment recommendations continue to be extrapolated from primary headache disorders.</p> Summary <p>PTH is heterogeneous, with overlapping clinical phenotypes. Management should be individualized based on headache phenotype and patient comorbidities. Given the multifactorial pathophysiology of PTH, a multimodal approach is recommended, integrating phenotype-guided pharmacologic therapy, targeted rehabilitation, and behavioral and lifestyle interventions.</p>