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Purpose of Narrative Review <p>Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is highly prevalent and is commonly evaluated using symptom questionnaires, bladder diaries, and urodynamic studies (UDS). However, clinic-based UDS is invasive and provides only an episodic evaluation under non-physiologic conditions, which may limit symptom reproduction and contribute to inconclusive or inaccurate results, particularly when symptoms are intermittent. Wearable and home-based technologies (“remote urodynamics”) have emerged to capture objective, longitudinal bladder data with improved patient comfort and test accuracy.</p> Recent Findings <p>Wearable ultrasound remains the most clinically mature non-invasive modality for ambulatory bladder volume monitoring, with newer devices moving beyond “full bladder” alerts toward semi-autonomous volume estimation using multi-transducer and conformable patch designs. Electrical bioimpedance and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have progressed methodologically to measure bladder volume, including anatomy-informed optimization frameworks and machine-learning approaches to mitigate motion artifacts and physiologic confounding, though these modalities remain earlier in clinical maturity. Catheter-free ambulatory bladder pressure monitoring has advanced from feasibility studies to multicenter clinical evaluation, with early evidence supporting procedural feasibility and patient tolerability. In parallel, home uroflowmetry has matured as a scalable component of remote urodynamics using both hardware-based and smartphone-enabled acoustic/vibration approaches, enabling repeated assessment of urinary flow rate and voiding performance outside the clinic, but requiring careful quality control and standardized interpretation.</p> Summary <p>Remote urodynamics is rapidly evolving and offers an opportunity to supplement the standard in-clinic LUTD evaluation with a potential to shift to remote monitoring for certain patients, allowing longitudinal, patient-centered measurement. Broader adoption will require appropriate patient population identification, larger in-vivo validation, clearer standards for quality and reporting, and outcome-based studies showing added value over current LUTD pathways.</p>

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Wearable and Home-based Bladder Monitoring Technologies: The Future of Remote Urodynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Abbas Bader,
  • Pedro Z. Padovani,
  • Casey G. Kowalik,
  • Colby P. Souders

摘要

Purpose of Narrative Review

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is highly prevalent and is commonly evaluated using symptom questionnaires, bladder diaries, and urodynamic studies (UDS). However, clinic-based UDS is invasive and provides only an episodic evaluation under non-physiologic conditions, which may limit symptom reproduction and contribute to inconclusive or inaccurate results, particularly when symptoms are intermittent. Wearable and home-based technologies (“remote urodynamics”) have emerged to capture objective, longitudinal bladder data with improved patient comfort and test accuracy.

Recent Findings

Wearable ultrasound remains the most clinically mature non-invasive modality for ambulatory bladder volume monitoring, with newer devices moving beyond “full bladder” alerts toward semi-autonomous volume estimation using multi-transducer and conformable patch designs. Electrical bioimpedance and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have progressed methodologically to measure bladder volume, including anatomy-informed optimization frameworks and machine-learning approaches to mitigate motion artifacts and physiologic confounding, though these modalities remain earlier in clinical maturity. Catheter-free ambulatory bladder pressure monitoring has advanced from feasibility studies to multicenter clinical evaluation, with early evidence supporting procedural feasibility and patient tolerability. In parallel, home uroflowmetry has matured as a scalable component of remote urodynamics using both hardware-based and smartphone-enabled acoustic/vibration approaches, enabling repeated assessment of urinary flow rate and voiding performance outside the clinic, but requiring careful quality control and standardized interpretation.

Summary

Remote urodynamics is rapidly evolving and offers an opportunity to supplement the standard in-clinic LUTD evaluation with a potential to shift to remote monitoring for certain patients, allowing longitudinal, patient-centered measurement. Broader adoption will require appropriate patient population identification, larger in-vivo validation, clearer standards for quality and reporting, and outcome-based studies showing added value over current LUTD pathways.