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Purpose of Review <p>Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common pediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep in children aged five and older. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current understanding and management of PNE.</p> Recent Findings <p>It is important to distinguish monosymptomatic from non-monosymptomatic forms of enuresis as this impacts their management. Initial management of enuresis begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Once the diagnosis of PNE is confirmed, first-line approaches focus on education, reassurance and behavioral strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including urotherapy and constipation management should be implemented as part of the primary management plan. Alarm therapy remains the gold standard among active interventions, while pharmacologic treatments—such as desmopressin and anticholinergics should be reserved for select cases, upon review with a specialist. Newer therapeutic interventions including mirabegron and neuromodulation (e.g., TENS, PTNS) have also shown success, although the literature supporting these interventions is limited.</p> Summary <p>Individualized treatment plans are key to optimizing outcomes in children with PNE. Management should include early intervention, behavioural/lifestyle management, active therapies and multidisciplinary collaboration.</p>

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Current and Future Perspectives on Managing Primary Nocturnal Enuresis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Lisa Wang,
  • Mirriam Mikhail,
  • Abby Varghese,
  • Mandy Rickard,
  • Michael Chua,
  • Armando Lorenzo,
  • Joana Dos Santos

摘要

Purpose of Review

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common pediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep in children aged five and older. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current understanding and management of PNE.

Recent Findings

It is important to distinguish monosymptomatic from non-monosymptomatic forms of enuresis as this impacts their management. Initial management of enuresis begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Once the diagnosis of PNE is confirmed, first-line approaches focus on education, reassurance and behavioral strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including urotherapy and constipation management should be implemented as part of the primary management plan. Alarm therapy remains the gold standard among active interventions, while pharmacologic treatments—such as desmopressin and anticholinergics should be reserved for select cases, upon review with a specialist. Newer therapeutic interventions including mirabegron and neuromodulation (e.g., TENS, PTNS) have also shown success, although the literature supporting these interventions is limited.

Summary

Individualized treatment plans are key to optimizing outcomes in children with PNE. Management should include early intervention, behavioural/lifestyle management, active therapies and multidisciplinary collaboration.