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Purpose of Review <p>This review aimed to summarize the inflammatory, microscopic, and histopathological features of inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) and to identify viral, molecular, and genetic predictors of recurrence and malignant transformation.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent studies describe a heterogeneous inflammatory microenvironment with mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine responses and epithelial neutrophilia as a defining hallmark. Considerable variability persists across studies evaluating viral and molecular markers. High-risk Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HR-HPV-18), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 mutations, p53 alterations, and p16 loss have been most consistently linked to recurrence and malignant progression.</p> Summary <p>SNIP exhibits multifactorial biological behavior driven by inflammation, viral infection, and molecular dysregulation. These findings highlight the need for standardized histopathological and molecular criteria and prospective studies to refine recurrence prediction and early detection of malignant transformation.</p>

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Inverted Sinonasal Papilloma: Pheno-endotyping and Predictive Markers of Recurrence and Malignancy – A Systematic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • María Paola Aguilera,
  • Daniela Pastene,
  • Joan Lop,
  • Concepció Marin,
  • Joaquim Mullol,
  • Isam Alobid

摘要

Purpose of Review

This review aimed to summarize the inflammatory, microscopic, and histopathological features of inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) and to identify viral, molecular, and genetic predictors of recurrence and malignant transformation.

Recent Findings

Recent studies describe a heterogeneous inflammatory microenvironment with mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine responses and epithelial neutrophilia as a defining hallmark. Considerable variability persists across studies evaluating viral and molecular markers. High-risk Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HR-HPV-18), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 mutations, p53 alterations, and p16 loss have been most consistently linked to recurrence and malignant progression.

Summary

SNIP exhibits multifactorial biological behavior driven by inflammation, viral infection, and molecular dysregulation. These findings highlight the need for standardized histopathological and molecular criteria and prospective studies to refine recurrence prediction and early detection of malignant transformation.