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<p>Some children are slower than average to acquire early spoken language milestones. Little is known about how this heterogeneity in expressive language impacts later childhood language and reading outcomes in children with dyslexia. We investigated oral language and reading differences in 63 children with dyslexia aged 8–12&#xa0;years, comparing those with (35%) and without (65%) a prior history of delayed two-word phrase production (beyond 24&#xa0;months of age). All children subsequently acquired fluent spoken language. Language outcome measures included standardized tests of current sound awareness, rapid picture naming, memory for words, and sentence repetition. Current single word and paragraph reading abilities were measured using standardized timed and untimed tests. Results indicated that both groups showed comparable single word and paragraph reading performance in middle childhood. Those with early spoken language delay had poorer sentence repetition and memory for words than those who used two-word phrases by 24-months. Our findings point to distinct language contributions to dyslexia in children with and without a history of early spoken language acquisition difficulties, underscoring the importance of considering early language milestones in this population.</p>

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Spoken language delay in toddlerhood predicts late childhood language outcomes in dyslexia: evidence from retrospective parent-report

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Eleanor R. Palser,
  • Nilgoun Bahar,
  • Ellie Carpenter,
  • Maya Bardorf,
  • Margo Kersey,
  • Rian Bogley,
  • Sarah Inkelis,
  • Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas,
  • Boon-Lead Tee,
  • Jessica DeLeon,
  • Virginia E. Sturm,
  • Zachary A. Miller,
  • Maria Luisa Mandelli,
  • Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini,
  • Christa Pereira

摘要

Some children are slower than average to acquire early spoken language milestones. Little is known about how this heterogeneity in expressive language impacts later childhood language and reading outcomes in children with dyslexia. We investigated oral language and reading differences in 63 children with dyslexia aged 8–12 years, comparing those with (35%) and without (65%) a prior history of delayed two-word phrase production (beyond 24 months of age). All children subsequently acquired fluent spoken language. Language outcome measures included standardized tests of current sound awareness, rapid picture naming, memory for words, and sentence repetition. Current single word and paragraph reading abilities were measured using standardized timed and untimed tests. Results indicated that both groups showed comparable single word and paragraph reading performance in middle childhood. Those with early spoken language delay had poorer sentence repetition and memory for words than those who used two-word phrases by 24-months. Our findings point to distinct language contributions to dyslexia in children with and without a history of early spoken language acquisition difficulties, underscoring the importance of considering early language milestones in this population.