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<p>Urban co-pollution by PM₂.₅ and O₃ poses divergent public health and economic challenges. Using concentration-response functions and the value of statistical life (VSL) model, this study quantifies health and economic burdens across 41 YRD cities from 2014 to 2023 and identifies distinct drivers via two-way fixed effects regression. Key findings show that PM₂.₅-related premature deaths declined by 7.77% per year, while O₃-related premature deaths rose by 4.72% annually, revealing a critical PM₂.₅–O₃ displacement. Economic losses from PM₂.₅ fell by 12.6% per year, yet those from O₃ increased by 4.87%, underscoring growing ozone-driven economic risk. PM₂.₅ rises with population density and industrial SO₂, but falls with urbanization, civil motor vehicle ownership, and industrial structure upgrading; O₃ declines with population density but increases with vehicle ownership. These stark contrasts necessitate spatially targeted, pollutant-specific governance: VOC control and urban greening in high-density cores; stringent NOₓ regulation, rapid electric vehicle deployment, and fuel standard upgrades along suburban–rural transport corridors; and regionally coordinated summer O₃ joint prevention, explicitly embedding health equity and climate co-benefits. Only such an integrated, place-informed strategy can effectively reverse the O₃ paradox and deliver durable public health gains.</p>

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Chasing development, breathing danger: health and economic losses from urban PM2.5 and O₃ pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Fang Liu,
  • Junyao Wang,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Binxiu Xu

摘要

Urban co-pollution by PM₂.₅ and O₃ poses divergent public health and economic challenges. Using concentration-response functions and the value of statistical life (VSL) model, this study quantifies health and economic burdens across 41 YRD cities from 2014 to 2023 and identifies distinct drivers via two-way fixed effects regression. Key findings show that PM₂.₅-related premature deaths declined by 7.77% per year, while O₃-related premature deaths rose by 4.72% annually, revealing a critical PM₂.₅–O₃ displacement. Economic losses from PM₂.₅ fell by 12.6% per year, yet those from O₃ increased by 4.87%, underscoring growing ozone-driven economic risk. PM₂.₅ rises with population density and industrial SO₂, but falls with urbanization, civil motor vehicle ownership, and industrial structure upgrading; O₃ declines with population density but increases with vehicle ownership. These stark contrasts necessitate spatially targeted, pollutant-specific governance: VOC control and urban greening in high-density cores; stringent NOₓ regulation, rapid electric vehicle deployment, and fuel standard upgrades along suburban–rural transport corridors; and regionally coordinated summer O₃ joint prevention, explicitly embedding health equity and climate co-benefits. Only such an integrated, place-informed strategy can effectively reverse the O₃ paradox and deliver durable public health gains.