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<p>Assessing respirable particulate matter (PM) concentration along the vertical depth of the surface mine provides important information on exposure risks, source contributions, and dispersion dynamics. This study investigates the variation of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>1</sub> mass concentration at different vertical depths in two 130&#xa0;m deep surface mines (coal and metal). Using a low-cost PM sensor mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a total of 54 vertical flights were conducted from the pit bottom to the pit top. Analysis of UAV measurements revealed a significant variability in airborne PM levels at different depths. Coal and metal mines have shown elevated PM levels at the pit bottom and minimum concentrations at the pit top. Higher PM concentrations were reported in the coal mine compared to the metal mine, due to the greater amount of material (coal and overburden) being handled. Both mines have shown a decreasing PM concentration profile, with a higher fall in the metal (24–73%) compared to the coal mine (6–57%) for a similar vertical depth. This can be attributed to the high-density metal particles having a quicker settling tendency than the finer and less dense coal dust particles. Health risk assessment of miners due to inhalation of mining-generated PM indicated that the deposited mass of PM per unit lung area varies between 0.04 and 0.12&#xa0;µg m<sup>− 2</sup>. The findings of this study provide information for estimating exposure to different working groups and for forecasting PM concentrations under scenarios of mine expansion.</p>

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Comparative assessment of the vertical distribution of respirable particulate matter in surface coal and metal mines using unmanned aerial vehicle mounted low-cost sensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Abhishek Penchala,
  • Aditya Kumar Patra,
  • Namrata Mishra,
  • Dhruti Sundar Pradhan,
  • Bhanuprakash Thota

摘要

Assessing respirable particulate matter (PM) concentration along the vertical depth of the surface mine provides important information on exposure risks, source contributions, and dispersion dynamics. This study investigates the variation of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 mass concentration at different vertical depths in two 130 m deep surface mines (coal and metal). Using a low-cost PM sensor mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a total of 54 vertical flights were conducted from the pit bottom to the pit top. Analysis of UAV measurements revealed a significant variability in airborne PM levels at different depths. Coal and metal mines have shown elevated PM levels at the pit bottom and minimum concentrations at the pit top. Higher PM concentrations were reported in the coal mine compared to the metal mine, due to the greater amount of material (coal and overburden) being handled. Both mines have shown a decreasing PM concentration profile, with a higher fall in the metal (24–73%) compared to the coal mine (6–57%) for a similar vertical depth. This can be attributed to the high-density metal particles having a quicker settling tendency than the finer and less dense coal dust particles. Health risk assessment of miners due to inhalation of mining-generated PM indicated that the deposited mass of PM per unit lung area varies between 0.04 and 0.12 µg m− 2. The findings of this study provide information for estimating exposure to different working groups and for forecasting PM concentrations under scenarios of mine expansion.