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<p>Most of the time, we live in indoor environments. So, it is very important to have a good indoor environment especially in terms of air quality. The major factors affecting Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are airflow pattern, velocity gradient, air distribution. All the above factors can be collectively categorized as ventilation. In this study, indoor air ventilation has been studied and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The velocity of air at different positions and heights was analyzed with uniform inlet velocity for two ventilation layouts i.e. L1 (single inlet and outlet) &amp; L2 (dual inlet and outlet). The results of L1 were compared with available experimental data in the literature and was found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. Using the optimized parameters of L1, the simulations of L2 were performed, analyzed, and compared. In L1 the jet-dominated airflow failed to sufficiently reach mid and far-end zones, with velocities as low as 0.008&#xa0;m/s, risking pollutant accumulation and thermal discomfort. Whereas in L2 the dual inlet ensured airflow reach all zones, maintaining a minimum velocity of 0.03&#xa0;m/s. The height-velocity relationship provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of air circulation in an indoor space. The simulations also help in identifying better layout for a minimal air stagnation zone within the indoor space thereby identify safe receptor position. Out of nine receptor positions (P1 to P9) examined at 0.5&#xa0;m height, P8 has the highest velocity (0.023&#xa0;m/s for L2 and 0.007&#xa0;m/s for L1). L2 demonstrated superior performance of air velocity distribution, IAQ, and occupant health outcomes as compared to L1. It minimizes low-flow regions, supports uniform contaminant removal, and enhances occupant comfort.</p>

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Impact of air flow pattern and distribution on indoor air quality using computational fluid dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Gowtham Sarella,
  • Ajey Kumar Patel

摘要

Most of the time, we live in indoor environments. So, it is very important to have a good indoor environment especially in terms of air quality. The major factors affecting Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are airflow pattern, velocity gradient, air distribution. All the above factors can be collectively categorized as ventilation. In this study, indoor air ventilation has been studied and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The velocity of air at different positions and heights was analyzed with uniform inlet velocity for two ventilation layouts i.e. L1 (single inlet and outlet) & L2 (dual inlet and outlet). The results of L1 were compared with available experimental data in the literature and was found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. Using the optimized parameters of L1, the simulations of L2 were performed, analyzed, and compared. In L1 the jet-dominated airflow failed to sufficiently reach mid and far-end zones, with velocities as low as 0.008 m/s, risking pollutant accumulation and thermal discomfort. Whereas in L2 the dual inlet ensured airflow reach all zones, maintaining a minimum velocity of 0.03 m/s. The height-velocity relationship provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of air circulation in an indoor space. The simulations also help in identifying better layout for a minimal air stagnation zone within the indoor space thereby identify safe receptor position. Out of nine receptor positions (P1 to P9) examined at 0.5 m height, P8 has the highest velocity (0.023 m/s for L2 and 0.007 m/s for L1). L2 demonstrated superior performance of air velocity distribution, IAQ, and occupant health outcomes as compared to L1. It minimizes low-flow regions, supports uniform contaminant removal, and enhances occupant comfort.