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<p>Wildfires are the largest source of primary fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the US, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure is associated with a suite of negative health impacts. Epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure typically rely on hospitalizations and Emergency Department (ED) visits to assess health outcomes. However, substantial reporting delays limit usefulness for near real-time public health response. Syndromic Surveillance (SS) is a voluntary reporting system based on chief complaints and/or discharge diagnoses from the ED that is available near-real time, but has been used in fewer epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure. We conducted a time-stratified case crossover study to compare association between wildfire smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and ED visits versus SS in New Mexico from 2019–2022. Our results showed some consistency between ED visits and SS reports for all respiratory-related, asthma, and all-cardiovascular related ED visits versus SS reports; however, there were meaningful differences in significance and magnitudes of several odds ratios. The “Air Quality-Related Respiratory Illness” SS definition may be useful for studying the impact of wildfire smoke exposure, with significantly increased odds per 10&#xa0;µg&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup> smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub>. These results were comparable to all respiratory-related SS reports. Overall, we hypothesize that SS could be a valuable tool for allocating resources during an intense, local wildfire event. Future work should be conducted to further our understanding of the use of SS in epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure.</p>

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Investigating wildfire smoke-related emergency department visits and syndromic surveillance in New Mexico 2019–2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Olivia Sablan,
  • Bonne Ford,
  • Colin B. Hawkinson,
  • Leiqiu Hu,
  • Jihoon Jung,
  • Chelsea Eastman Langer,
  • Courtney Maichak,
  • Kamal Jyoti Maji,
  • Stephanie Moraga-McHaley,
  • Joseph O’Dell,
  • Christopher K. Uejio,
  • Melissa VanSickle,
  • Emily V. Fischer,
  • Jeffrey R. Pierce,
  • Sheryl Magzamen

摘要

Wildfires are the largest source of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the US, and PM2.5 exposure is associated with a suite of negative health impacts. Epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure typically rely on hospitalizations and Emergency Department (ED) visits to assess health outcomes. However, substantial reporting delays limit usefulness for near real-time public health response. Syndromic Surveillance (SS) is a voluntary reporting system based on chief complaints and/or discharge diagnoses from the ED that is available near-real time, but has been used in fewer epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure. We conducted a time-stratified case crossover study to compare association between wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure and ED visits versus SS in New Mexico from 2019–2022. Our results showed some consistency between ED visits and SS reports for all respiratory-related, asthma, and all-cardiovascular related ED visits versus SS reports; however, there were meaningful differences in significance and magnitudes of several odds ratios. The “Air Quality-Related Respiratory Illness” SS definition may be useful for studying the impact of wildfire smoke exposure, with significantly increased odds per 10 µg m−3 smoke PM2.5. These results were comparable to all respiratory-related SS reports. Overall, we hypothesize that SS could be a valuable tool for allocating resources during an intense, local wildfire event. Future work should be conducted to further our understanding of the use of SS in epidemiological studies of wildfire smoke exposure.