<p>Dhaka megacity, characterized by dense population, rapid urbanization, and intense vehicular and industrial activities, faces growing concerns over trace metal pollution in its urban environment. This study comprehensively assessed the levels, spatial patterns, potential sources, and ecological and human health risks of trace metals in road dust across the city. Ninety samples from thirty high-traffic locations were analyzed for Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Multiple pollution indices, GIS-based mapping, and multivariate statistical tools were employed to evaluate pollution status, identify hotspots and possible sources. Results revealed severe contamination by As, Cr, Cu, and Pb, with Gabtoli and Kawran Bazar emerging as major hotspots. Source apportionment indicated predominantly anthropogenic origins, particularly vehicular exhaust, non-exhaust emissions, and industrial activities. Ecological risk assessment showed low overall risk, but As posed the highest potential threat to ecosystems. While most metals presented non-carcinogenic risks within acceptable limits, Fe and Zr exceeded safety thresholds for certain exposure groups, and carcinogenic risk analysis revealed alarming vulnerability in children, especially from As, Cu, Cr, and Pb. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted pollution control strategies to safeguard environmental and public health in Dhaka.</p>