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<p>Micro-plastics (MPs) especially inhalable nano-plastics (NPs) in the air pose significant emerging environmental pollution challenges, but the practical evidences of their potential impacts on human health through inhalation remain limited. Therefore, the toxicological effects of human lung cells exposed to different representative NPs were investigated. Utilizing in vitro cytotoxicity testing methods, we explored the effects of various particle types (polystyrene, PS; polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), sizes (30, 50&#xa0;nm), and concentrations of NPs on the A549 alveolar cells. The results indicated that finer sizes and elevated concentrations of NPs showed notable toxicological effects on cell activity, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The PS-NPs demonstrated stronger cytotoxicity than PMMA-NPs. Our experimental findings reveal that exposure to airborne NPs of different compositions induces measurable cytotoxic and stress-related responses in lung epithelial cells under submerged in vitro conditions, which may provide preliminary evidence relevant to respiratory health assessment.</p>

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Toxicological effects of different particle sizes and types of nano-plastics (NPs) on human lung cells: implications for the health risk of airborne microplastic pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Jiayi Fan,
  • Hanbo Li,
  • Mindong Chen,
  • Xuewen Yao,
  • Xinlei Ge,
  • Wankang Chen,
  • Minghan Ouyang,
  • Xiao-San Luo

摘要

Micro-plastics (MPs) especially inhalable nano-plastics (NPs) in the air pose significant emerging environmental pollution challenges, but the practical evidences of their potential impacts on human health through inhalation remain limited. Therefore, the toxicological effects of human lung cells exposed to different representative NPs were investigated. Utilizing in vitro cytotoxicity testing methods, we explored the effects of various particle types (polystyrene, PS; polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), sizes (30, 50 nm), and concentrations of NPs on the A549 alveolar cells. The results indicated that finer sizes and elevated concentrations of NPs showed notable toxicological effects on cell activity, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The PS-NPs demonstrated stronger cytotoxicity than PMMA-NPs. Our experimental findings reveal that exposure to airborne NPs of different compositions induces measurable cytotoxic and stress-related responses in lung epithelial cells under submerged in vitro conditions, which may provide preliminary evidence relevant to respiratory health assessment.