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<p>Vehicle cabins represent confined microenvironments in which volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations often exceed those of typical indoor spaces due to continuous emissions from interior materials. While components such as polyurethane foams, plastics, adhesives, textiles, coatings, and polymer additives are well-recognized emission sources, the relative importance of these materials and the factors governing emission dynamics over a vehicle’s lifetime remain insufficiently integrated. This review integrates recent experimental and field studies to identify dominant material sources, emission mechanisms, and key environmental drivers controlling in-cabin VOC and semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) levels. Comparative analyses reveal consistent trends, including substantially higher VOC concentrations in new vehicles, temperature-driven emission increases under solar loading, and ventilation-related reductions in total VOC levels. Across the reviewed studies, aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and flame retardants consistently emerge as priority contaminants due to their prevalence and documented links to respiratory, neurological, endocrine, and carcinogenic effects. The review further identifies critical control points for exposure reduction and discusses mitigation strategies involving low-emission material selection, pre-conditioning of interior components, optimized ventilation, and targeted regulatory interventions aimed at improving in-cabin air quality and occupant health.</p>

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Sources of volatile organic chemicals and factors affecting emissions from interior materials in vehicular environment. Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Sayed M. Badawy,
  • Ali Hashem

摘要

Vehicle cabins represent confined microenvironments in which volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations often exceed those of typical indoor spaces due to continuous emissions from interior materials. While components such as polyurethane foams, plastics, adhesives, textiles, coatings, and polymer additives are well-recognized emission sources, the relative importance of these materials and the factors governing emission dynamics over a vehicle’s lifetime remain insufficiently integrated. This review integrates recent experimental and field studies to identify dominant material sources, emission mechanisms, and key environmental drivers controlling in-cabin VOC and semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) levels. Comparative analyses reveal consistent trends, including substantially higher VOC concentrations in new vehicles, temperature-driven emission increases under solar loading, and ventilation-related reductions in total VOC levels. Across the reviewed studies, aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and flame retardants consistently emerge as priority contaminants due to their prevalence and documented links to respiratory, neurological, endocrine, and carcinogenic effects. The review further identifies critical control points for exposure reduction and discusses mitigation strategies involving low-emission material selection, pre-conditioning of interior components, optimized ventilation, and targeted regulatory interventions aimed at improving in-cabin air quality and occupant health.