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<p>From April 2022 to January 2023, PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected at three monitoring stations (HX, NM, and ZY) in Guiyang. The concentrations of 24 metallic elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP - MS). The results show that the average total concentrations of metal elements at the three sites decreased in the following order: ZY (3090.93 ± 1835.5 ng·m⁻³) &gt; NM (2559.75 ± 1583.1 ng·m⁻³) &gt; HX (2348.34 ± 1427.6 ng·m⁻³). Among them, the crustal elements account for the highest proportion, accounting for 95.0%, 95.3%, and 94.9% of the total mass concentration of metal elements at each site, respectively. The mass concentrations of metal elements carried by PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the three sites all showed the lowest values in summer. Crustal elements peaked in spring/autumn, while trace elements were higher in autumn/winter (HX, ZY) or spring/autumn (NM). Enrichment factor analysis indicated that Fe, Ti, V, and Be originated primarily from natural sources, while most other metals were significantly enriched by anthropogenic activities. The PMF model identified four major emission sources. dust (36.6 and 36.9%) and coal combustion (27.3 and 28.7%) dominated at ZY/NM, while biomass burning (45%) was primary at HX. Health risk assessment showed that 17 metals posed negligible non-carcinogenic risks (hazard quotients &lt; 1), while As and Cr exceeded carcinogenic risk thresholds. This study identifies the dominant sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound metals and highlights the key contributors to potential human health risks, thereby providing scientific implications for air pollution control in Guiyang and other karst cities with similar environmental settings.</p>

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PM2.5-bound trace metals in a karst plateau city of Southwest China: seasonal patterns, sources and health risks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Zhenye Zhang,
  • Peng Xu,
  • Yunwu Li,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Xuehai Fei,
  • Aijiang Yang

摘要

From April 2022 to January 2023, PM2.5 samples were collected at three monitoring stations (HX, NM, and ZY) in Guiyang. The concentrations of 24 metallic elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP - MS). The results show that the average total concentrations of metal elements at the three sites decreased in the following order: ZY (3090.93 ± 1835.5 ng·m⁻³) > NM (2559.75 ± 1583.1 ng·m⁻³) > HX (2348.34 ± 1427.6 ng·m⁻³). Among them, the crustal elements account for the highest proportion, accounting for 95.0%, 95.3%, and 94.9% of the total mass concentration of metal elements at each site, respectively. The mass concentrations of metal elements carried by PM2.5 at the three sites all showed the lowest values in summer. Crustal elements peaked in spring/autumn, while trace elements were higher in autumn/winter (HX, ZY) or spring/autumn (NM). Enrichment factor analysis indicated that Fe, Ti, V, and Be originated primarily from natural sources, while most other metals were significantly enriched by anthropogenic activities. The PMF model identified four major emission sources. dust (36.6 and 36.9%) and coal combustion (27.3 and 28.7%) dominated at ZY/NM, while biomass burning (45%) was primary at HX. Health risk assessment showed that 17 metals posed negligible non-carcinogenic risks (hazard quotients < 1), while As and Cr exceeded carcinogenic risk thresholds. This study identifies the dominant sources of PM2.5-bound metals and highlights the key contributors to potential human health risks, thereby providing scientific implications for air pollution control in Guiyang and other karst cities with similar environmental settings.