<p>To investigate the retention effect of plant communities on particulate matter and to explore the influence of environmental factors on PM10 concentration, this study examines PM10 concentrations in plant communities within waterfront landscape belts and evaluated corresponding ecological restoration techniques. Sampling sites are established in five waterfront landscape belts in the study area. Species richness, species frequency, and the ratio of trees to shrubs are selected as indicators to analyze the structure of existing plant communities. Instruments are employed to measure PM10 concentrations at each sampling point to assess the impact of various plant community indicators on PM10 levels. Suitable ecological restoration techniques are proposed based on the measurement results. The findings reveal that high wind speeds in the waterfront landscape belt during spring affected the measurements. At measurement point ④, where the tree-to-shrub ratio is relatively low, the PM10 concentration is the highest. PM10 concentrations are lower in summer, autumn, and winter, with the most stable community structure observed in summer. Human disturbance influences variations in PM10 concentrations during autumn, and snowfall effectively reduces PM10 levels in winter. The diurnal variation in PM10 concentration shows higher values in the morning and lower values in the afternoon, influenced by human activities within the plant communities and meteorological conditions. Throughout the observation period, PM10 concentrations remain below the National Secondary Standard, indicating that the plant communities in the waterfront landscape belt positively contribute to air quality. Following restoration efforts, species dominance and richness in the study area are significantly enhanced.</p>