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<p>Air pollution causes various adverse health effects on millions of people every year. This study focused on provinces that house 65% of Türkiye’s population to analyze the trends and potential health impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, a 2025 health impact forecast was developed based on observed pollutant trends. The health impact assessment was structured around two key variables: population size and population density. Concurrently, trend analysis was differentiated based on the provinces’ metropolitan status. The AirQ + assessment tool identified Hatay and Düzce provinces as having the most significant health impacts. Conversely, SO<sub>2</sub> trend analysis demonstrated higher average concentration values within non-metropolitan provinces. Over the five-year study period (2020–2024), specific mortality findings were documented. The highest PM<sub>2.5</sub>-attributed mortality was due to stroke in the 25–29 age group. In contrast, the highest NO<sub>2</sub>-attributed mortality was observed for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in adults aged 30 and over. Analysis revealed that the peak number of pollutant-attributed deaths occurred in 2022. The 2025 forecast offers valuable insights for future pollutant-based health impact assessments, with the outputs presented on a pollutant-oriented basis. The study concludes with various recommendations, ranging from individual protection measures to national-level investment priorities.</p>

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Assessment of health implications of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 exposure in Türkiye: A metropolitan and demographic-based approach (2020–2024)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Kemal Ulusoy,
  • S. Levent Kuzu,
  • Neslihan Dogan-Saglamtimur

摘要

Air pollution causes various adverse health effects on millions of people every year. This study focused on provinces that house 65% of Türkiye’s population to analyze the trends and potential health impacts of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2. Furthermore, a 2025 health impact forecast was developed based on observed pollutant trends. The health impact assessment was structured around two key variables: population size and population density. Concurrently, trend analysis was differentiated based on the provinces’ metropolitan status. The AirQ + assessment tool identified Hatay and Düzce provinces as having the most significant health impacts. Conversely, SO2 trend analysis demonstrated higher average concentration values within non-metropolitan provinces. Over the five-year study period (2020–2024), specific mortality findings were documented. The highest PM2.5-attributed mortality was due to stroke in the 25–29 age group. In contrast, the highest NO2-attributed mortality was observed for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in adults aged 30 and over. Analysis revealed that the peak number of pollutant-attributed deaths occurred in 2022. The 2025 forecast offers valuable insights for future pollutant-based health impact assessments, with the outputs presented on a pollutant-oriented basis. The study concludes with various recommendations, ranging from individual protection measures to national-level investment priorities.