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<p>Low air quality is a major contributor to cardiorespiratory disease burden and mortality, particularly in countries with vast territorial, socioeconomic, and demographic diversity such as Brazil. Addressing these health risks requires understanding their spatiotemporal patterns, which has not been fully explored in Brazil. This study integrates meteorological and air pollution data from MERRA-2, emissions, land-use, and human development indices to investigate the spatial variability of hospitalization rates and their associations with environmental drivers using Relative Risk estimates and spatial correlation techniques. Our analysis reveals significant spatial heterogeneity in hospitalization rates and trends across Brazil (2008–2019). The Southern region exhibits the highest median rates and localized increases, while hotspots of high rates and upward trends emerge along the Southeast-Northeast corridor. Positive trends in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> align with increased hospitalizations, while CO and SO<sub>2</sub> trends vary regionally. SO<sub>2</sub> and humidity are identified as the strongest relative risk factors. The Southeast region concentrates the most significant health threats, with hotspots also detected in the Federal District and along the Northeast coastline, linked to transportation and industrial emissions. Regions with high human development levels face compounded risks and limited adaptive capacity, emphasizing the need for targeted mitigation strategies. This study offers high-resolution insights into the interplay of air pollution, meteorology, and health, providing a critical resource for policymakers to design adaptive public health interventions in resource-constrained settings.</p>

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Spatial analysis of cardiopulmonary disease risks linked to air pollution in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Julia Placido Moore,
  • Robson Will,
  • Camilo Ribeiro Bastos,
  • Weeberb J. Réquia,
  • Leonardo Hoinaski

摘要

Low air quality is a major contributor to cardiorespiratory disease burden and mortality, particularly in countries with vast territorial, socioeconomic, and demographic diversity such as Brazil. Addressing these health risks requires understanding their spatiotemporal patterns, which has not been fully explored in Brazil. This study integrates meteorological and air pollution data from MERRA-2, emissions, land-use, and human development indices to investigate the spatial variability of hospitalization rates and their associations with environmental drivers using Relative Risk estimates and spatial correlation techniques. Our analysis reveals significant spatial heterogeneity in hospitalization rates and trends across Brazil (2008–2019). The Southern region exhibits the highest median rates and localized increases, while hotspots of high rates and upward trends emerge along the Southeast-Northeast corridor. Positive trends in PM2.5 and O3 align with increased hospitalizations, while CO and SO2 trends vary regionally. SO2 and humidity are identified as the strongest relative risk factors. The Southeast region concentrates the most significant health threats, with hotspots also detected in the Federal District and along the Northeast coastline, linked to transportation and industrial emissions. Regions with high human development levels face compounded risks and limited adaptive capacity, emphasizing the need for targeted mitigation strategies. This study offers high-resolution insights into the interplay of air pollution, meteorology, and health, providing a critical resource for policymakers to design adaptive public health interventions in resource-constrained settings.