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<p>During the 34th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA), a year-long record of black carbon (BC) concentrations was obtained using a seven-wavelength Aethalometer (AE-42) at the Indian Antarctic research base, Maitri, from February to December 2014. Despite Antarctica being regarded as the most pristine environment on Earth, anthropogenic activities have escalated Significantly over the past two decades in this region. Diurnal variations in BC levels exhibited multiple peaks throughout the observation period, with BC concentrations ranging from 14.6 to 76.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (mean of 39.3 ± 14.3 ng/m<sup>3</sup>). Approximately 51% of the monthly average BC concentrations exceeded the annual mean (39.3 ng/m<sup>3</sup>), suggesting a persistent influx of emissions from anthropogenic sources. BC concentrations exhibit elevated levels during October, particularly in the early morning (03:00–04:00&#xa0;h), mid-day (10:00–16:00&#xa0;h), and evening (23:00–24:00&#xa0;h). Conversely, lower BC concentrations are observed in April during the morning hours (04:00–06:00&#xa0;h) and evening hours (16:00–20:00&#xa0;h). The concentration of BC from fossil fuels (BC<sub>ff</sub>) ranges from 1.2 to 66.3 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, with an annual average of 27.2 ± 13.1 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. The study indicates a robust correlation between BC and BC<sub>ff</sub>, while showing a weaker correlation with BC from biomass (BC<sub>bb</sub>). The atmospheric (ATM) forcing, both composite and without BC, is higher over the station in March and lower in November. For both composite and without BC conditions, ATM forcing is positive, while top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface (SUF) forcing are negative. The study also examines the temporal variations of BC<sub>ff</sub> and BC<sub>bb</sub>, as well as the back trajectory analysis of air masses regarding BC, composite, and without BC radiative forcing.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Anthropogenic influence on black carbon concentrations in pristine Antarctic environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Sathish Mohan Botsa,
  • M. P. Raju,
  • A. K. Tiwari,
  • NS Magesh

摘要

During the 34th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA), a year-long record of black carbon (BC) concentrations was obtained using a seven-wavelength Aethalometer (AE-42) at the Indian Antarctic research base, Maitri, from February to December 2014. Despite Antarctica being regarded as the most pristine environment on Earth, anthropogenic activities have escalated Significantly over the past two decades in this region. Diurnal variations in BC levels exhibited multiple peaks throughout the observation period, with BC concentrations ranging from 14.6 to 76.6 ng/m3 (mean of 39.3 ± 14.3 ng/m3). Approximately 51% of the monthly average BC concentrations exceeded the annual mean (39.3 ng/m3), suggesting a persistent influx of emissions from anthropogenic sources. BC concentrations exhibit elevated levels during October, particularly in the early morning (03:00–04:00 h), mid-day (10:00–16:00 h), and evening (23:00–24:00 h). Conversely, lower BC concentrations are observed in April during the morning hours (04:00–06:00 h) and evening hours (16:00–20:00 h). The concentration of BC from fossil fuels (BCff) ranges from 1.2 to 66.3 ng/m3, with an annual average of 27.2 ± 13.1 ng/m3. The study indicates a robust correlation between BC and BCff, while showing a weaker correlation with BC from biomass (BCbb). The atmospheric (ATM) forcing, both composite and without BC, is higher over the station in March and lower in November. For both composite and without BC conditions, ATM forcing is positive, while top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface (SUF) forcing are negative. The study also examines the temporal variations of BCff and BCbb, as well as the back trajectory analysis of air masses regarding BC, composite, and without BC radiative forcing.

Graphical Abstract