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<p>In India, policymakers lack robust data on the benefits of shifting rural households from biomass to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies. To address this gap, this study evaluates various fuel options including LPG, electricity, kerosene, fuelwood (FW), and cow dung cake (CDC) and stove types, such as natural draft improved cookstoves (ICS) and traditional cookstoves (TCS), in a simulated kitchen setup, with the WHO BAR-HAP model to quantify the health and economic impacts of cleaner cooking options for rural households. Results indicated that the PM concentration from the CDC was found to be 80, 29, 23, and 9 times higher than the induction stove, kerosene, LPG, and FW, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the PM concentrations while using ICS than TCS. The MPPD model used to analyse health risks from particle deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract showed significantly higher particulate deposition from the CDC. Further, the WHO BAR-HAP tool was used to quantify the net economic and health benefits of the complete transition from traditional biomass cookstoves to LPG by 2030 in India. The total benefit of a complete transition to LPG by 2030 is estimated to be worth 18.501 billion $/year, corresponding to a total cost of 8.03 billion $/year. Moreover, it will also reduce the burden of climate-forcing pollutants to 0.174 billion tons of CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/year. This information on the potential benefits of a complete transition from biomass to clean cooking can be valuable for policymaking and raising awareness among rural households in India.</p>

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Evaluation of policy interventions to mitigate the prevalence of household air pollution due to biomass fuel and its associated health risks in rural India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Yaparla Deepthi,
  • Amit Passi,
  • Chithra V. S,
  • Lekshmi Mohan V,
  • Smaranika Panda,
  • S. M. Shiva Nagendra

摘要

In India, policymakers lack robust data on the benefits of shifting rural households from biomass to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies. To address this gap, this study evaluates various fuel options including LPG, electricity, kerosene, fuelwood (FW), and cow dung cake (CDC) and stove types, such as natural draft improved cookstoves (ICS) and traditional cookstoves (TCS), in a simulated kitchen setup, with the WHO BAR-HAP model to quantify the health and economic impacts of cleaner cooking options for rural households. Results indicated that the PM concentration from the CDC was found to be 80, 29, 23, and 9 times higher than the induction stove, kerosene, LPG, and FW, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the PM concentrations while using ICS than TCS. The MPPD model used to analyse health risks from particle deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract showed significantly higher particulate deposition from the CDC. Further, the WHO BAR-HAP tool was used to quantify the net economic and health benefits of the complete transition from traditional biomass cookstoves to LPG by 2030 in India. The total benefit of a complete transition to LPG by 2030 is estimated to be worth 18.501 billion $/year, corresponding to a total cost of 8.03 billion $/year. Moreover, it will also reduce the burden of climate-forcing pollutants to 0.174 billion tons of CO2-eq/year. This information on the potential benefits of a complete transition from biomass to clean cooking can be valuable for policymaking and raising awareness among rural households in India.