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<p>Sea level rise is widely recognized as a critical driver of coastal change; however, its conceptual positioning within Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based research remains fragmented. This study examines how sea level rise is framed in coastal studies and clarifies the evolving role of GIS in conceptualizing socio-ecological pressure. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines identified 22 peer-reviewed studies, which were analyzed using a thematic and conceptual synthesis approach. The findings reveal a conceptual spectrum of three framings: sea level rise as a physical pressure emphasizing geomorphological processes; as part of broader environmental system pressures integrating multiple hazards; and as an integrated socio-ecological pressure linking physical, ecological, and social systems. Across this spectrum, GIS shows a gradual shift from a technical mapping tool toward an integrative analytical framework capable of representing cross-scale interactions. However, most studies remain concentrated in descriptive and risk-based approaches, with limited integration of socio-ecological dimensions. This study contributes by developing a structured conceptual spectrum of GIS applications in sea level rise research and identifying key gaps in socio-ecological integration. It highlights the need for more systemic and relational spatial analyzes to support coastal resilience planning and emphasizes sea level rise as a dynamic socio-ecological pressure rather than an isolated environmental variable.</p>

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Socio-ecological pressure on coastal change from a geographic information system perspective: A conceptual synthesis of sea level rise studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Albertus Erico Jerry Krisna Nugroho,
  • Agung Hidayat,
  • Nadya Putri Fitriani

摘要

Sea level rise is widely recognized as a critical driver of coastal change; however, its conceptual positioning within Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based research remains fragmented. This study examines how sea level rise is framed in coastal studies and clarifies the evolving role of GIS in conceptualizing socio-ecological pressure. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines identified 22 peer-reviewed studies, which were analyzed using a thematic and conceptual synthesis approach. The findings reveal a conceptual spectrum of three framings: sea level rise as a physical pressure emphasizing geomorphological processes; as part of broader environmental system pressures integrating multiple hazards; and as an integrated socio-ecological pressure linking physical, ecological, and social systems. Across this spectrum, GIS shows a gradual shift from a technical mapping tool toward an integrative analytical framework capable of representing cross-scale interactions. However, most studies remain concentrated in descriptive and risk-based approaches, with limited integration of socio-ecological dimensions. This study contributes by developing a structured conceptual spectrum of GIS applications in sea level rise research and identifying key gaps in socio-ecological integration. It highlights the need for more systemic and relational spatial analyzes to support coastal resilience planning and emphasizes sea level rise as a dynamic socio-ecological pressure rather than an isolated environmental variable.