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<p>Many forest farmer groups (FFGs) in Indonesia experience stagnation after obtaining social forestry permits, largely due to the absence of an operationalized social forestry business framework at the site level. Using a pragmatic research paradigm through a complex mixed-method Participatory Action Research approach, this study aims to develop a social forestry business framework capable of simultaneously addressing key challenges faced by FFGs, including: (1) improving farm household income through more efficient marketing schemes; (2) strengthening institutional capacity within FFGs; and (3) ensuring compliance with Non-Tax State Revenue (NTSR) obligations. This research was conducted in Wono Makmur Forest Farmer Group (Wono Makmur FFG), Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which obtained a Social Forestry Forest Management Permit under the Community Forestry scheme in 2017. This scheme provides full management access to each KTH member to manage their individual plots using an agroforestry system. In contrast, other social forestry schemes such as Community Plantation Forests (HTR) and Village Forests (HD) centralize planting decisions under permit holders, resembling smaller-scale industrial plantation systems (HTI). Based on 2023 government data, this group is the oldest FFG in Boyolali and has the lowest productivity among its peers. Conducted from early 2023 to early 2026, this study develops a framework that enables members to diagnose challenges, apply participatory solutions, and improve marketing while meeting NTSR obligations. However, building genuine participatory consensus requires time to accommodate diverse stakeholder interests.</p>

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A Social Forestry Business Framework for Revitalizing Stagnant Forest Farmer Groups: A Case Study from Central Java, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Muhammad Abdul Rahman Subrata,
  • San Afri Awang,
  • Ris Hadi Purwanto,
  • Shita Aiswarya,
  • Alvera Wulandhanik,
  • Wahyu Andayani

摘要

Many forest farmer groups (FFGs) in Indonesia experience stagnation after obtaining social forestry permits, largely due to the absence of an operationalized social forestry business framework at the site level. Using a pragmatic research paradigm through a complex mixed-method Participatory Action Research approach, this study aims to develop a social forestry business framework capable of simultaneously addressing key challenges faced by FFGs, including: (1) improving farm household income through more efficient marketing schemes; (2) strengthening institutional capacity within FFGs; and (3) ensuring compliance with Non-Tax State Revenue (NTSR) obligations. This research was conducted in Wono Makmur Forest Farmer Group (Wono Makmur FFG), Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which obtained a Social Forestry Forest Management Permit under the Community Forestry scheme in 2017. This scheme provides full management access to each KTH member to manage their individual plots using an agroforestry system. In contrast, other social forestry schemes such as Community Plantation Forests (HTR) and Village Forests (HD) centralize planting decisions under permit holders, resembling smaller-scale industrial plantation systems (HTI). Based on 2023 government data, this group is the oldest FFG in Boyolali and has the lowest productivity among its peers. Conducted from early 2023 to early 2026, this study develops a framework that enables members to diagnose challenges, apply participatory solutions, and improve marketing while meeting NTSR obligations. However, building genuine participatory consensus requires time to accommodate diverse stakeholder interests.