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<p>The motivations for community involvement in forest preservation and community forestry projects in Russia and Kazakhstan—often referred to as sustainable forest management, or SFM—are examined in this study, with an emphasis on the differences between non-monetary and pecuniary incentives. Participants were grouped into three categories using correlation analysis and Q methodology: Cultural Custodians (heritage), Socioeconomic Beneficiaries (financial), and Environmental Stewards (ecological preservation). Our results demonstrate that financial incentives are significant but insufficient for prolonged engagement, which is consistent with previous research on conservation and REDD + participation influenced by mixed incentive bundles and local value systems. The Socioeconomic Incentive Score shows a negative correlation with age (r =  − 0.36, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and a positive correlation with wealth (r = 0.48, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suggesting that older participants give more weight to cultural or ecological incentives. Seventy percent of environmental stewards, sixty percent of socioeconomic beneficiaries, and eighty percent of cultural custodians highlighted non-monetary drivers. The findings emphasize the necessity of program designs-executed under SFM framings-that incorporate monetary and non-monetary incentives suited to a range of motivational and demographic profiles, offering practical recommendations for inclusive forest governance.</p>

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Motivation Factors for Participation in Forest Preservation and Community Forestry Initiatives in Russia and Kazakhstan: A Q-Method Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Askhat Akhmetbekov,
  • Dmitriy Kolesov,
  • Denis Sirman,
  • Vasily Movchun,
  • Nikolay Petukhov

摘要

The motivations for community involvement in forest preservation and community forestry projects in Russia and Kazakhstan—often referred to as sustainable forest management, or SFM—are examined in this study, with an emphasis on the differences between non-monetary and pecuniary incentives. Participants were grouped into three categories using correlation analysis and Q methodology: Cultural Custodians (heritage), Socioeconomic Beneficiaries (financial), and Environmental Stewards (ecological preservation). Our results demonstrate that financial incentives are significant but insufficient for prolonged engagement, which is consistent with previous research on conservation and REDD + participation influenced by mixed incentive bundles and local value systems. The Socioeconomic Incentive Score shows a negative correlation with age (r =  − 0.36, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with wealth (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), suggesting that older participants give more weight to cultural or ecological incentives. Seventy percent of environmental stewards, sixty percent of socioeconomic beneficiaries, and eighty percent of cultural custodians highlighted non-monetary drivers. The findings emphasize the necessity of program designs-executed under SFM framings-that incorporate monetary and non-monetary incentives suited to a range of motivational and demographic profiles, offering practical recommendations for inclusive forest governance.