<p>Several civil engineering applications benefit from the unique features of graphene and its derivative materials. The study discusses the use of graphene and other materials of its origin in cementitious composites. Recent developments in the application of graphene and its compounds in a variety of complex structures, such as concrete, steel, and asphalt, are summarized. The different types of graphene derivative materials currently available for use in cementitious composites are thoroughly explored. The gains in the mechanical properties of the cementitious composites are studied in terms of the type and proportions of graphene applied, along with the usage of graphene derivatives as reinforcement materials in concrete for their strength and durability. Possible applications of graphene in asphalt for road surfaces and using graphene-based coatings to prevent corrosion of steel structures are discussed. Graphene oxide applications in construction materials related to the thermal insulation capabilities of buildings are also discussed. The study presents a summary of current advances in graphene-based cement composites and promotes future research in graphene derivatives as reinforcing materials or as additives in concrete structures.</p>