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<p>Serpentine is a type of silicate mineral rich in valuable metals such as magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni). Due to its dense and stable structure, coupled with strong chemical inertness, conventional acid leaching processes often experience low leaching efficiency and high acid consumption when extracting these valuable metals. In this study, two fluorine-containing additives, magnesium fluoride (MgF<sub>2</sub>) and ammonium fluoride (NH<sub>4</sub>F), were introduced to enhance the sulfuric acid leaching of Mg and Ni from serpentine. NH<sub>4</sub>F exhibits the most pronounced enhancement effect. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mg and Ni reached 89.95% and 57.92%, respectively. Mechanistic analysis indicates that conventional acid leaching preferentially dissolves Mg from the Mg-O framework, while a dense Si-O network remains and forms a passivation layer that limits further leaching. With the addition of NH<sub>4</sub>F, fluoride ions effectively disrupt the Si-O-Si structure, transforming the silicate framework into amorphous and porous SiO<sub>2</sub>, thereby eliminating the diffusion barrier and promoting the release of lattice-bound Mg and Ni. These results indicate that fluorine-assisted leaching effectively mitigates the silica passivation barrier in serpentine, thereby enhancing metal extraction efficiency under relatively mild conditions.</p>

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Enhancing Valuable Metal Recovery from Serpentine by Acid Leaching with Fluorine-Containing Additives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Fengshuai Sun,
  • Jialong Wu,
  • Jinxiang You,
  • Zhiyuan Chen,
  • Shiqi Dai,
  • Mingjun Liu,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Yaowen Xing,
  • Xiahui Gui

摘要

Serpentine is a type of silicate mineral rich in valuable metals such as magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni). Due to its dense and stable structure, coupled with strong chemical inertness, conventional acid leaching processes often experience low leaching efficiency and high acid consumption when extracting these valuable metals. In this study, two fluorine-containing additives, magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F), were introduced to enhance the sulfuric acid leaching of Mg and Ni from serpentine. NH4F exhibits the most pronounced enhancement effect. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mg and Ni reached 89.95% and 57.92%, respectively. Mechanistic analysis indicates that conventional acid leaching preferentially dissolves Mg from the Mg-O framework, while a dense Si-O network remains and forms a passivation layer that limits further leaching. With the addition of NH4F, fluoride ions effectively disrupt the Si-O-Si structure, transforming the silicate framework into amorphous and porous SiO2, thereby eliminating the diffusion barrier and promoting the release of lattice-bound Mg and Ni. These results indicate that fluorine-assisted leaching effectively mitigates the silica passivation barrier in serpentine, thereby enhancing metal extraction efficiency under relatively mild conditions.