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<p>WC‑12Co‑graphene composite coatings were deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel using high‑velocity oxy‑fuel (HVOF) spraying to improve wear resistance. The coatings exhibited a dense lamellar microstructure with low porosity (2.0 ± 0.5%) and uniform elemental distribution. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of graphene at inter-splat boundaries, although its specific toughening role is interpreted with caution. The Vickers microhardness increased from 289 HV for the substrate to 787 ± 22 HV for the WC‑12Co‑graphene coating, slightly higher than the graphene‑free WC‑12Co reference (762 ± 18&#xa0;HV). Scratch testing under constant loads of 25, 50, and 75&#xa0;N showed more stable friction behavior and delayed onset of microcracking in the graphene‑reinforced coating, consistent with improved resistance to cohesive damage. Surface profilometry revealed a moderately rough as‑sprayed surface, characteristic of HVOF carbide coatings. Overall, the results indicate that WC‑12Co‑graphene coatings offer enhanced hardness and scratch resistance compared with conventional WC‑12Co, suggesting their potential for wear‑resistant applications on 304 stainless steels. Further studies are required to evaluate performance under thermal, cyclic, and erosive conditions relevant to turbine service environments.</p>

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High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Sprayed WC-12Co-Graphene Coatings on 304 Steel: Microhardness Enhancement and Scratch Resistance Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Harvinder Singh,
  • Nitin Kumar,
  • Virat Khanna,
  • Kaushal Kumar,
  • Abhijit Bhowmik,
  • Vivek John

摘要

WC‑12Co‑graphene composite coatings were deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel using high‑velocity oxy‑fuel (HVOF) spraying to improve wear resistance. The coatings exhibited a dense lamellar microstructure with low porosity (2.0 ± 0.5%) and uniform elemental distribution. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of graphene at inter-splat boundaries, although its specific toughening role is interpreted with caution. The Vickers microhardness increased from 289 HV for the substrate to 787 ± 22 HV for the WC‑12Co‑graphene coating, slightly higher than the graphene‑free WC‑12Co reference (762 ± 18 HV). Scratch testing under constant loads of 25, 50, and 75 N showed more stable friction behavior and delayed onset of microcracking in the graphene‑reinforced coating, consistent with improved resistance to cohesive damage. Surface profilometry revealed a moderately rough as‑sprayed surface, characteristic of HVOF carbide coatings. Overall, the results indicate that WC‑12Co‑graphene coatings offer enhanced hardness and scratch resistance compared with conventional WC‑12Co, suggesting their potential for wear‑resistant applications on 304 stainless steels. Further studies are required to evaluate performance under thermal, cyclic, and erosive conditions relevant to turbine service environments.