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<p>Fabrication of bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering requires biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoinductive materials. In this study, a composite scaffold was developed using cellulose, chitosan, hydroxyapatite enhanced with naringin to support bone regeneration. Cellulose, derived from sugarcane bagasse, provides a renewable and mechanically stable framework. Chitosan enhances bioactivity, has antimicrobial properties and supports cell adhesion. Hydroxyapatite, due to its similarity to the bone mineral phase, imparted osteoconductivity, whereas naringin, a plant-derived flavonoid, has osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Physicochemical and biological characterizations were also performed. FTIR confirmed the functional groups of the polymer and ceramic. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline hydroxyapatite. SEM images revealed a porous, interconnected architecture suitable for cell infiltration and nutrient diffusion. Porosity, swelling, and in vitro degradation studies confirmed favorable properties for tissue integration. The presence of free amine groups, which are essential for protein adsorption and cellular attachment, was detected using a ninhydrin assay. MTT assay results demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, supporting cell viability and metabolic activity. These findings suggest that the naringin-enhanced cellulose/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold has strong potential for application in bone tissue engineering, warranting further investigation through in vitro and in vivo studies to assess its clinical and mechanical performance.</p>

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Naringin-Infused Cellulose-Based Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration Application: An In Vitro Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Darshan Ganth,
  • Saranya Srinivasan,
  • Ashwathi Vijayalekha,
  • Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan,
  • Ashok Kumar Pandurangan

摘要

Fabrication of bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering requires biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoinductive materials. In this study, a composite scaffold was developed using cellulose, chitosan, hydroxyapatite enhanced with naringin to support bone regeneration. Cellulose, derived from sugarcane bagasse, provides a renewable and mechanically stable framework. Chitosan enhances bioactivity, has antimicrobial properties and supports cell adhesion. Hydroxyapatite, due to its similarity to the bone mineral phase, imparted osteoconductivity, whereas naringin, a plant-derived flavonoid, has osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Physicochemical and biological characterizations were also performed. FTIR confirmed the functional groups of the polymer and ceramic. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline hydroxyapatite. SEM images revealed a porous, interconnected architecture suitable for cell infiltration and nutrient diffusion. Porosity, swelling, and in vitro degradation studies confirmed favorable properties for tissue integration. The presence of free amine groups, which are essential for protein adsorption and cellular attachment, was detected using a ninhydrin assay. MTT assay results demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, supporting cell viability and metabolic activity. These findings suggest that the naringin-enhanced cellulose/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold has strong potential for application in bone tissue engineering, warranting further investigation through in vitro and in vivo studies to assess its clinical and mechanical performance.