<p>Although high-intensity blowing enhances smelting, it often leads to flow instability and exacerbates slag splashing, thereby the erosion of refractory linings. Consequently, it is crucial to coordinate injection parameters in order to balance process intensification with flow stability to address this challenge. This study systematically investigates, through multiphase flow numerical simulations, the mechanisms by which injection velocity and oxygen enrichment affect flow field characteristics, oxygen phase distribution, and slag splashing behaviors. Notably, in contrast to conventional studies, this research employs the species transport model to explicitly characterize the transport and distribution of oxygen components within the melt. The results indicate that increasing injection velocity significantly enhances stirring and oxygen diffusion. However, it may also exacerbate the slag splash. Conversely, higher oxygen concentrations and create forms continuous reaction channels that effectively eliminate dead zones for oxygen. By comprehensively evaluating trade-off among flow stability, mixing efficiency, and oxygen uniformity, optimal operating conditions are identified as an injection velocity of 65–70 m&#xa0;s⁻¹ combined with an oxygen enrichment of 70–80%. This combination of parameters ensures controlled splashing while achieving process intensification, providing a theoretical foundation for optimization of ISA furnace operations.</p>