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<p>To address the growing demand for key strategic metals such as Ag, Sb, and Bi, there is an urgent need to develop clean, efficient technologies for green separation and recycling. This study proposes vacuum distillation for alloy separation, an environmentally friendly method that avoids the generation of liquid waste. To accurately predict and guide the separation process, M-MIVM was introduced in this study. The model can accurately calculate the activity of key binary systems, such as Ag-Sb, and then predict the VLE relationship of the alloy. The experimental results show that the product volatilized from the silver-antimony binary alloy contains &gt; 99.9948 wt.% antimony, while the silver content in the product volatilized from the silver-antimony-bismuth ternary alloy does not exceed 0.1900 wt.%. The average relative deviation between experimental and calculated values is &lt; <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>±</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.0131, confirming the reliability of M-MIVM. This work establishes a robust thermodynamic database and offers an efficient, eco-friendly solution for separating such alloys.</p>

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Green Separation of Ag-Sb-Bi Alloy: Vacuum Distillation and M-MIVM Model Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Jiangtao Fu,
  • Liangliang Chen,
  • Jiapeng Zhang,
  • Lingxin Kong,
  • Baoqiang Xu,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Caiwen Yang

摘要

To address the growing demand for key strategic metals such as Ag, Sb, and Bi, there is an urgent need to develop clean, efficient technologies for green separation and recycling. This study proposes vacuum distillation for alloy separation, an environmentally friendly method that avoids the generation of liquid waste. To accurately predict and guide the separation process, M-MIVM was introduced in this study. The model can accurately calculate the activity of key binary systems, such as Ag-Sb, and then predict the VLE relationship of the alloy. The experimental results show that the product volatilized from the silver-antimony binary alloy contains > 99.9948 wt.% antimony, while the silver content in the product volatilized from the silver-antimony-bismuth ternary alloy does not exceed 0.1900 wt.%. The average relative deviation between experimental and calculated values is < \(\pm \) ± 0.0131, confirming the reliability of M-MIVM. This work establishes a robust thermodynamic database and offers an efficient, eco-friendly solution for separating such alloys.