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<p>The automotive industry’s growing demand for safer, lighter, and cost-effective vehicle structures has intensified interest in 1500-MPa-class ultra-high-strength steels (UHSSs). These steels, typically martensitic, offer exceptional strength but are often limited in cold-forming applications due to reduced ductility at room temperature. Accordingly, this study investigated two representative cold-forming UHSS1500 grades: DP1470, a dual-phase steel offering enhanced global ductility for improved formability, and MS1500, a fully martensitic steel providing superior local ductility for increased fracture resistance. Through comprehensive mechanical evaluations, including quasi-static, temperature-, strain-rate- and stress-state-dependent experiments, this work highlights the key microstructural mechanism: incorporating ferrite in DP1470 could effectively improve its global formability but compromise its bake-hardenability and local ductility; comparatively, the homogeneous microstructure in MS1500 resulted in higher bake-hardening response and fracture resistance under localized deformation and crash-relevant conditions. These findings underscored a critical design trade-off between global and local performance, offering guidance for application-specific material selection and future UHSS microstructural development strategies.</p>

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Comparison of 1500-MPa-Class Cold-Forming Ultra-High-Strength Steels (UHSSs) for Automotive Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Jun Hu,
  • Eliseo Hernandez-Duran

摘要

The automotive industry’s growing demand for safer, lighter, and cost-effective vehicle structures has intensified interest in 1500-MPa-class ultra-high-strength steels (UHSSs). These steels, typically martensitic, offer exceptional strength but are often limited in cold-forming applications due to reduced ductility at room temperature. Accordingly, this study investigated two representative cold-forming UHSS1500 grades: DP1470, a dual-phase steel offering enhanced global ductility for improved formability, and MS1500, a fully martensitic steel providing superior local ductility for increased fracture resistance. Through comprehensive mechanical evaluations, including quasi-static, temperature-, strain-rate- and stress-state-dependent experiments, this work highlights the key microstructural mechanism: incorporating ferrite in DP1470 could effectively improve its global formability but compromise its bake-hardenability and local ductility; comparatively, the homogeneous microstructure in MS1500 resulted in higher bake-hardening response and fracture resistance under localized deformation and crash-relevant conditions. These findings underscored a critical design trade-off between global and local performance, offering guidance for application-specific material selection and future UHSS microstructural development strategies.