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<p>Magnesium–air batteries are promising for high energy density applications but suffer from severe corrosion and low discharge activity of Mg alloy anodes. This study investigates the effect of lanthanum (La) addition (0, 0.5, 1, 2&#xa0;wt.%) on the microstructure, corrosion behavior, and electrochemical performance of Mg-6Al-3Pb (AP63) alloy anodes in 3.5&#xa0;wt.% NaCl solution. Microstructural characterization (SEM + EDS) reveals that La promotes the formation of La-Al intermetallic phase (La<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>11</sub> and LaAl<sub>3</sub>), with phase morphology transitioning from granular to acicular as La content increases. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests (Chi760E) show that AP63-2La has the highest corrosion resistance with the corrosion current density of 2.24&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, attributed to its dense acicular secondary phase network acting as physical barriers to Cl<sup>-</sup>. However, the discharge performance at 10&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> exhibits a trade-off where La enhances discharge activity (average voltage of − 1.71&#xa0;V for AP63-1La) but reduces anodic efficiency by 16.2–20.5% due to accelerated detachment of the secondary phase during discharge. These findings highlight the critical role of secondary phase morphology in balancing corrosion resistance and discharge efficiency for Mg-air battery anodes.</p>

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Effects of La Addition on the Microstructure, Corrosion Behavior, and Discharge Performance of the Heat-Treated AP63 Anodes for Mg–Air Batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Wuzheng Shao,
  • Jiayi Jin,
  • Yongze Xu,
  • Zhongyu Zhang

摘要

Magnesium–air batteries are promising for high energy density applications but suffer from severe corrosion and low discharge activity of Mg alloy anodes. This study investigates the effect of lanthanum (La) addition (0, 0.5, 1, 2 wt.%) on the microstructure, corrosion behavior, and electrochemical performance of Mg-6Al-3Pb (AP63) alloy anodes in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Microstructural characterization (SEM + EDS) reveals that La promotes the formation of La-Al intermetallic phase (La3Al11 and LaAl3), with phase morphology transitioning from granular to acicular as La content increases. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests (Chi760E) show that AP63-2La has the highest corrosion resistance with the corrosion current density of 2.24 mA/cm2, attributed to its dense acicular secondary phase network acting as physical barriers to Cl-. However, the discharge performance at 10 mA cm−2 exhibits a trade-off where La enhances discharge activity (average voltage of − 1.71 V for AP63-1La) but reduces anodic efficiency by 16.2–20.5% due to accelerated detachment of the secondary phase during discharge. These findings highlight the critical role of secondary phase morphology in balancing corrosion resistance and discharge efficiency for Mg-air battery anodes.