Scholarlink

<p>This study evaluates the reduction kinetics of limonitic laterite using palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar and coal–EFB blends under pelletized static-gas conditions. Reduction roasting was conducted at 600–1000°C with EFB biochar-to-laterite ratios of 1:2–1:4 and coal:EFB:laterite ratios of 1:1:4–1:1:8. Thermogravimetric reduction data were fitted using linearized kinetic models, yielding apparent activation energies of 4.3–22.3&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;mol<sup>−1</sup>, which is consistent with diffusion-controlled gas–solid reduction. Qualitative XRD confirmed sequential phase evolution compatible with gravimetric trends, and coal–EFB blends produced intermediate activation energies under identical conditions. These findings indicate that EFB biochar can serve as a potential renewable carbon source to partially substitute fossil reductants in laterite processing; however, this interpretation remains limited to laboratory-scale evidence, and further validation is needed before process-level application.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Kinetics of Laterite Ore Reduction Using Low-Rank Coal and Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biochar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

查看全文
  • Moh Fahrurrozi,
  • Himawan Tri Bayu Murtri Petrus,
  • Ananda Rahma Anjani,
  • Mahfirotul Khikmah,
  • Gyan Prameswara,
  • Yosef Prihanto,
  • Ade Kurniawan

摘要

This study evaluates the reduction kinetics of limonitic laterite using palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar and coal–EFB blends under pelletized static-gas conditions. Reduction roasting was conducted at 600–1000°C with EFB biochar-to-laterite ratios of 1:2–1:4 and coal:EFB:laterite ratios of 1:1:4–1:1:8. Thermogravimetric reduction data were fitted using linearized kinetic models, yielding apparent activation energies of 4.3–22.3 kJ mol−1, which is consistent with diffusion-controlled gas–solid reduction. Qualitative XRD confirmed sequential phase evolution compatible with gravimetric trends, and coal–EFB blends produced intermediate activation energies under identical conditions. These findings indicate that EFB biochar can serve as a potential renewable carbon source to partially substitute fossil reductants in laterite processing; however, this interpretation remains limited to laboratory-scale evidence, and further validation is needed before process-level application.