<p>The dry magnetic separator plays a crucial role in the field of mineral resource separation, but its traditional design has limitations in terms of separation efficiency and energy consumption. This study examines the impact of the maximum particle capture distance on the performance of dry magnetic separators, analyzing the key factors of flow rate, magnetic field strength, and particle size. By combining experiments and numerical simulations, simplifying the particle differential dynamics equation, and solving it with Maple software (excluding magnetic interference), an aspect ratio of 5:2 for the separation channel has been determined. It has been found that velocity significantly affects the particle trajectory. The magnetic field intensity controls particle attraction. While increasing the magnetic field can extend the capture distance, it can also lead to the adsorption of impurities, negatively affecting the concentrate quality. The relationship between particle size and MCD is nonlinear. Additionally, the Moyal distribution is selected as the optimal probability density function based on information entropy theory, and the translation and scaling factors for the three key parameters are calculated. The findings provide a quantitative framework for optimizing the design and operational parameters of dry magnetic separators, specifically for fine-grained materials.</p>