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<p>Currently, the industrial solid wastes, red mud (RM) and steel slag (SS), are highly underutilized in road engineering. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to design a new pavement base composite material made of RM, SS, and cement. This material can reduce the amount of cement needed and enable the effective use of industrial solid waste, and it has been successfully applied to a road project. First, seven cement dosage gradients of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% were established to investigate the mechanical properties of the composites with different SS and RM dosages. Second, the freeze-thaw and dry-shrinkage deformation resistance of the new material was evaluated by the freeze-thaw cycle test and dry-shrinkage test. Finally, via X-ray diffractometer, SEM, and energy spectrometer (EDS), the characteristics of the hydration reaction and the microscopic action mechanism were revealed. The results show that the mechanical properties of RM-SS-cement composites meet the requirements of roadbed surface layers. The main hydration products include CaCO<sub>3</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>S, AFt, C-S-H, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, C-A-H, and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, among others. Of these, the crystal strengths of Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, C-S-H, C-A-H, and AFt are higher, and the generation of AFt crystals is an important reason for the small shrinkage and deformation of the material. The addition of an appropriate amount of RM can enhance the hydration activity of SS. The Al and Si systems can effectively cement heavy metal ions, and the synergistic effect among RM, SS, and cement is good. Therefore, the RM-SS-cement composite developed in this article is a high-quality construction material for road engineering.</p>

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Methodology and Experimental Analysis of Industrial Solid Waste RM, SS, and Cement for the Preparation of a New Composite Material for Pavement Subgrade

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Qi Liu,
  • Sheng Yan,
  • Yingxin Hui,
  • Xiaolong Jia,
  • Goubing Wang,
  • Jie Wang

摘要

Currently, the industrial solid wastes, red mud (RM) and steel slag (SS), are highly underutilized in road engineering. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to design a new pavement base composite material made of RM, SS, and cement. This material can reduce the amount of cement needed and enable the effective use of industrial solid waste, and it has been successfully applied to a road project. First, seven cement dosage gradients of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% were established to investigate the mechanical properties of the composites with different SS and RM dosages. Second, the freeze-thaw and dry-shrinkage deformation resistance of the new material was evaluated by the freeze-thaw cycle test and dry-shrinkage test. Finally, via X-ray diffractometer, SEM, and energy spectrometer (EDS), the characteristics of the hydration reaction and the microscopic action mechanism were revealed. The results show that the mechanical properties of RM-SS-cement composites meet the requirements of roadbed surface layers. The main hydration products include CaCO3, C2S, AFt, C-S-H, Ca(OH)2, C-A-H, and Mg(OH)2, among others. Of these, the crystal strengths of Mg(OH)2, C-S-H, C-A-H, and AFt are higher, and the generation of AFt crystals is an important reason for the small shrinkage and deformation of the material. The addition of an appropriate amount of RM can enhance the hydration activity of SS. The Al and Si systems can effectively cement heavy metal ions, and the synergistic effect among RM, SS, and cement is good. Therefore, the RM-SS-cement composite developed in this article is a high-quality construction material for road engineering.