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<p>This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel graphene-based Hilbert fractal antenna optimized for multiband terahertz applications. Conventional metallic antenna face significant limitations in the THz spectrum, including high ohmic losses and limited reconfigurability. To overcome these challenges, we leverage the exceptional electrodynamic properties of graphene, such as its tunable surface conductivity and high electron mobility, combined with the miniaturization and multi-resonance benefits of the Hilbert fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is designed on a polyimide substrate with a compact volume of 100 × 100 × 25&#xa0;μm<sup>3</sup>. Simulation results demonstrate that the fifth-order Hilbert fractal configuration exhibits superior multiband performance with resonant bands at 1.17, 2.55, 4.085, and 4.865 THz, with a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi and radiation efficiency of up to 77%. As a result, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for next-generation THz communication, sensing, and imaging systems.</p>

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Design and Analysis of a Graphene-Based Hilbert Fractal Antenna for THz Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Kayhan Çelik,
  • Erol Kurt,
  • Bekir Dursun

摘要

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel graphene-based Hilbert fractal antenna optimized for multiband terahertz applications. Conventional metallic antenna face significant limitations in the THz spectrum, including high ohmic losses and limited reconfigurability. To overcome these challenges, we leverage the exceptional electrodynamic properties of graphene, such as its tunable surface conductivity and high electron mobility, combined with the miniaturization and multi-resonance benefits of the Hilbert fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is designed on a polyimide substrate with a compact volume of 100 × 100 × 25 μm3. Simulation results demonstrate that the fifth-order Hilbert fractal configuration exhibits superior multiband performance with resonant bands at 1.17, 2.55, 4.085, and 4.865 THz, with a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi and radiation efficiency of up to 77%. As a result, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for next-generation THz communication, sensing, and imaging systems.