<p>This study investigated the influence of heat treatment on the cyclic behavior of a damaged 2017A aluminum alloy in the T6 condition under low cycle fatigue (LCF). In the present study, tubular specimens were subjected to various levels of damage (<i>D</i> = 0.05 to 0.3) under fully strain-controlled fatigue tests at <i>ε</i>_zz&#xa0;=&#xa0;±&#xa0;0.5% using MTS 809 and were heat-treated (annealed) at 400°C for 10 min. The cyclic evolution of work hardening (isotropic and kinematic) in response to different damage rates was studied. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to observe and analyze the fracture morphology and microstructural evolution. The results demonstrate that heat treatment significantly alters the microstructure and mechanical properties of the damaged alloy. Compared with untreated specimens, we observed a notable decrease in the cyclic amplitude, an increase in the cyclic hardening, and a modification of the hysteresis loops. Microstructural analysis revealed fine precipitation and redistribution of the Al₂Cu particles, contributing to improved fatigue behavior. This study provides new insights into the effect of post-damage heat treatment and opens avenues for optimizing the fatigue life of 2017A aluminum alloy components.</p>