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<p>Commercially pure titanium (TA4) is widely used in aerospace and biomedical applications, but its microstructure and performance are highly sensitive to heat treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of hot-rolled TA4 bars. Samples were annealed at 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C for 1&#xa0;h, and their microstructures and properties were systematically analyzed. The results show that grain size increased with annealing temperature. Equiaxed <i>α</i> grains dominated in the hot-rolled, 700°C, and 800°C states, while partial lamellar α appeared at 900°C, and a fully lamellar structure formed above the transformation temperature. At 700°C, the specimens exhibited the best combination of strength and ductility (tensile strength 719.3&#xa0;MPa, elongation 32.2%). Tribological tests further revealed that wear volume and wear rate increased with annealing temperature because of decreased hardness, with the 700°C condition demonstrating superior wear resistance. These findings indicate that annealing at 700°C/1&#xa0;h provides an optimal balance of mechanical and tribological performance in TA4.</p>

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Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Tribological Properties of TA4 Pure Titanium Hot-Rolled Bar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Jie Li,
  • Yongsheng Wang,
  • Haowei Liang,
  • Shuqi Deng,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Han Xiao

摘要

Commercially pure titanium (TA4) is widely used in aerospace and biomedical applications, but its microstructure and performance are highly sensitive to heat treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of hot-rolled TA4 bars. Samples were annealed at 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C for 1 h, and their microstructures and properties were systematically analyzed. The results show that grain size increased with annealing temperature. Equiaxed α grains dominated in the hot-rolled, 700°C, and 800°C states, while partial lamellar α appeared at 900°C, and a fully lamellar structure formed above the transformation temperature. At 700°C, the specimens exhibited the best combination of strength and ductility (tensile strength 719.3 MPa, elongation 32.2%). Tribological tests further revealed that wear volume and wear rate increased with annealing temperature because of decreased hardness, with the 700°C condition demonstrating superior wear resistance. These findings indicate that annealing at 700°C/1 h provides an optimal balance of mechanical and tribological performance in TA4.