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<p>The equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs), known as nitinol, exhibit significant potential as a biomaterial for biomedical applications because of their distinctive properties, including the superelasticity and shape memory effect, which are superior to those of conventional materials. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, NiTi alloys are used in cardiovascular devices, orthopedic implants, surgical tools, and orthodontic devices. Despite these advantages, wear debris and nickel ion release challenges can compromise biocompatibility and provoke adverse cellular reactions, posing health risks. To enhance biocompatibility and prolong the implant lifespan, improvements in NiTi's mechanical (e.g., hardness values reported between 201 HV and 707 HV), tribological (coefficient of friction reduced to 0.31), and electrochemical properties are essential before human implantation. Moreover, NiTi alloys are generally considered non-cytotoxic if cell viability is &gt; 70%. In addition, compared to conventional metallic biomaterials, NiTi alloys have a relatively low elastic modulus, ranging from 20 to 50&#xa0;GPa in the martensitic phase and 40 to 90 GPa in the austenitic phase,&#xa0;which is much closer to that of natural bone (~30&#xa0;GPa). This review paper summarizes current research and advancements in NiTi shape memory alloys, emphasizing their electrochemical and tribological properties. It also briefly addresses the biocompatibility issues associated with NiTi alloys and the strategies researchers employ to solve them.</p>

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A Review of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Advancements and Biocompatibility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Nabila Bouchareb,
  • Mamoun Fellah,
  • Naouel Hezil,
  • Ahlem Guesmi,
  • Lotfi Khezami

摘要

The equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs), known as nitinol, exhibit significant potential as a biomaterial for biomedical applications because of their distinctive properties, including the superelasticity and shape memory effect, which are superior to those of conventional materials. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, NiTi alloys are used in cardiovascular devices, orthopedic implants, surgical tools, and orthodontic devices. Despite these advantages, wear debris and nickel ion release challenges can compromise biocompatibility and provoke adverse cellular reactions, posing health risks. To enhance biocompatibility and prolong the implant lifespan, improvements in NiTi's mechanical (e.g., hardness values reported between 201 HV and 707 HV), tribological (coefficient of friction reduced to 0.31), and electrochemical properties are essential before human implantation. Moreover, NiTi alloys are generally considered non-cytotoxic if cell viability is > 70%. In addition, compared to conventional metallic biomaterials, NiTi alloys have a relatively low elastic modulus, ranging from 20 to 50 GPa in the martensitic phase and 40 to 90 GPa in the austenitic phase, which is much closer to that of natural bone (~30 GPa). This review paper summarizes current research and advancements in NiTi shape memory alloys, emphasizing their electrochemical and tribological properties. It also briefly addresses the biocompatibility issues associated with NiTi alloys and the strategies researchers employ to solve them.