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<p>This study investigates the impact of annealing time on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of ZnO thin films annealed at 400°C in air for 10&#xa0;min to 2&#xa0;h. The results show that even a short annealing of 10&#xa0;min significantly improves optical transparency, with further enhancement observed as annealing time increases. Crystallite size increased with longer annealing, indicating better crystallinity. The obtained refractive index values, ranging from 1.9 to 2, indicate a compact material structure. The optical bandgap (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub>) increased from 3.76&#xa0;eV to 3.90&#xa0;eV with annealing time. A notable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, shifting to the visible range, was observed. A new method was developed to estimate the size of metallic Zn nanoparticles contributing to the SPR effect. Mechanical properties, such as hardness, Young's modulus, and resistance to plastic deformation, improved with longer annealing times. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO films for various applications due to their enhanced optical and mechanical performance.</p>

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Effects of Annealing Time on the Structural, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Flash Thermal Evaporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Rachid Amrani,
  • Fouaz Lekoui,
  • Amina Benalia,
  • Abderrahmane Naili,
  • Elyes Garoudja,
  • Slimane Lafane,
  • Walid Filali,
  • Slimane Oussalah,
  • Salim Hassani,
  • Mohamed Henini,
  • Ştefan Ţălu

摘要

This study investigates the impact of annealing time on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of ZnO thin films annealed at 400°C in air for 10 min to 2 h. The results show that even a short annealing of 10 min significantly improves optical transparency, with further enhancement observed as annealing time increases. Crystallite size increased with longer annealing, indicating better crystallinity. The obtained refractive index values, ranging from 1.9 to 2, indicate a compact material structure. The optical bandgap (Eg) increased from 3.76 eV to 3.90 eV with annealing time. A notable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, shifting to the visible range, was observed. A new method was developed to estimate the size of metallic Zn nanoparticles contributing to the SPR effect. Mechanical properties, such as hardness, Young's modulus, and resistance to plastic deformation, improved with longer annealing times. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO films for various applications due to their enhanced optical and mechanical performance.