<p>The need for clean energy resources and immense energy availability during scarce periods has prompted the manufacture and large-scale production of energy conversion and storage devices. These technologies would mitigate global challenges for sustainable energy availability and improve environmental sustainability. Supercapacitors have emerged as useful charge storage systems for harnessing renewable energy resources and increasing energy storage capability. Graphene has exhibited exceptional qualities like high energy density and outstanding electrochemical properties, which make it a useful electrochemical material in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices (Rahman et al., in: Mubarak, Khalid, Walvekar, Numan (eds) Contemporary nanomaterials in material engineering applications, Springer, Cham, 2021; Raccichini et al. in Nat Mater 14:271, 2015). This review describes an overview of supercapacitors with the basic components and classifications. An overview of graphene usage as an electrochemical material is discussed in this work, with relevant literature highlighted in the different sections and sub-sections. Diverse methods of synthesizing graphene from graphite, graphene oxide, or their derivatives are also discussed with relevant reviews. Different strategies aimed at enhancing the electrochemical performance of graphene are described, and the overall relevance and future perspectives surrounding the use of graphene in electrochemical and energy storage systems have been highlighted.</p>