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<p>To refine primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel during the heating process before forging, the transformation behavior of primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel at 1150°C for various holding times was investigated based on experimental characterizations of SEM-EDS, EPMA, and EBSD, as well as first-principles calculation. The results showed that the primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel were mainly lamellar and rod-shaped M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides, plus a small amount of MC-type carbides. When held at 1150°C, both lamellar and rod-shaped M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides gradually fractured and transformed. The transformation products of M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides were mainly M<sub>6</sub>C-type carbides, with a small portion of MC-type carbides. The diffusion of Mo and W in M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides and Fe in austenite promoted the nucleation of M<sub>6</sub>C-type carbides at the boundary of M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides. The enriched V elements participated in the formation of MC-type carbides. The binding energy of rod-shaped M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides was less than that of lamellar carbides. Therefore, lamellar M<sub>2</sub>C-type carbides were more prone to transform than rod-shaped carbides at 1150°C. Although holding at 1150°C refined the primary carbides before forging, coarsening of carbides took place when held for an excessive time, which would deteriorate the properties of steel.</p>

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Transformation Behavior of Primary Carbides in M35 High-Speed Steel During the Heating Process Before Forging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月23日

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  • Yusheng Ren,
  • Dingli Zheng,
  • Guojun Ma,
  • Zengpei Jiao,
  • Xiang Zhang,
  • Mengke Liu

摘要

To refine primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel during the heating process before forging, the transformation behavior of primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel at 1150°C for various holding times was investigated based on experimental characterizations of SEM-EDS, EPMA, and EBSD, as well as first-principles calculation. The results showed that the primary carbides in M35 high-speed steel were mainly lamellar and rod-shaped M2C-type carbides, plus a small amount of MC-type carbides. When held at 1150°C, both lamellar and rod-shaped M2C-type carbides gradually fractured and transformed. The transformation products of M2C-type carbides were mainly M6C-type carbides, with a small portion of MC-type carbides. The diffusion of Mo and W in M2C-type carbides and Fe in austenite promoted the nucleation of M6C-type carbides at the boundary of M2C-type carbides. The enriched V elements participated in the formation of MC-type carbides. The binding energy of rod-shaped M2C-type carbides was less than that of lamellar carbides. Therefore, lamellar M2C-type carbides were more prone to transform than rod-shaped carbides at 1150°C. Although holding at 1150°C refined the primary carbides before forging, coarsening of carbides took place when held for an excessive time, which would deteriorate the properties of steel.