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<p>Magnesium (Mg) is a promising candidate for degradable implants due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and natural degradation. However, Mg’s rapid hydrogen evolution, low ductility, and limited strength restrict its utility. Alloying Mg with lithium (Li) improves ductility and formability, while zinc (Zn) adds antibacterial properties and enhances strength. Despite this potential, limited research on Mg-Li systems, particularly in the duplex phase where HCP and BCC phases coexist, leaves gaps in understanding their corrosion behavior and mechanical properties. This study explores the effect of calcium (Ca) addition on the properties of the Mg-Li-Zn system within the duplex phase. Two quaternary alloys, Mg-Li-Zn-Ca, with 0.3&#xa0;wt.% and 1.0&#xa0;wt.% Ca were prepared and subjected to solution and aging treatments. Microstructural analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of the BCC Mg phase with Ca addition, refined precipitate sizes, and formation of Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca and Ca<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>6</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub> in Ca-containing alloys. Mechanical testing revealed 5–20% improvements in ultimate and yield strengths in Ca-containing alloys. The corrosion resistance improved, reducing surface area loss and hydrogen gas evolution rates by 15% and 1.4&#xa0;mL/cm<sup>2</sup>/day, respectively. Meanwhile, all Ca-containing alloys demonstrated negligible toxicity to endothelial cells, underscoring their potential as biocompatible materials for degradable implants.</p>

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The Effect of Ca Addition on the Behavior of Bioresorbable Duplex Phase Mg-Li-Zn-Ca Alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Sochima S. Ezenwajiaku,
  • Flavia C. Gallo,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Michele V. Manuel

摘要

Magnesium (Mg) is a promising candidate for degradable implants due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and natural degradation. However, Mg’s rapid hydrogen evolution, low ductility, and limited strength restrict its utility. Alloying Mg with lithium (Li) improves ductility and formability, while zinc (Zn) adds antibacterial properties and enhances strength. Despite this potential, limited research on Mg-Li systems, particularly in the duplex phase where HCP and BCC phases coexist, leaves gaps in understanding their corrosion behavior and mechanical properties. This study explores the effect of calcium (Ca) addition on the properties of the Mg-Li-Zn system within the duplex phase. Two quaternary alloys, Mg-Li-Zn-Ca, with 0.3 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% Ca were prepared and subjected to solution and aging treatments. Microstructural analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of the BCC Mg phase with Ca addition, refined precipitate sizes, and formation of Mg2Ca and Ca2Mg6Zn3 in Ca-containing alloys. Mechanical testing revealed 5–20% improvements in ultimate and yield strengths in Ca-containing alloys. The corrosion resistance improved, reducing surface area loss and hydrogen gas evolution rates by 15% and 1.4 mL/cm2/day, respectively. Meanwhile, all Ca-containing alloys demonstrated negligible toxicity to endothelial cells, underscoring their potential as biocompatible materials for degradable implants.