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<p>Carbothermal reduction is an effective method to extract zinc from low-grade zinc-bearing materials (zinc exists mainly in the form of oxide), but the efficient extraction of zinc from zinc sulfide mineral (such as sphalerite) is a challenge for traditional pyrometallurgy methods. The presence of the ZnS phase in an oxide–sulfide mixed zinc ore significantly hinders the efficient volatilization of zinc. This study utilizes a large amount of in situ CaO in flotation products (FP) to facilitate the transformation and volatilization of ZnS during carbothermal reduction. At 900°C, calcite in FP completely decomposes into CaO, which serves as a calcium source for transforming ZnS. At temperatures above 884°C, ZnS can be transformed by CaO in the presence of carbon. The transformation of ZnS mainly proceeds at above 1100°C. Higher temperatures, CaO/ZnS molar ratios, and C/ZnS molar ratios enhance the efficiency of zinc volatilization. For the high efficiency volatilization of zinc, the mole ratio of CaO/ZnS should be controlled above 1.5. The volatilization rates of zinc from natural sphalerite and FP exceed 99%. The findings provide theoretical guidance for recovering zinc from an oxide-sulfide mixed zinc ore through carbothermic reduction.</p>

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Transformation–Volatilization Behavior of Zinc Sulfide from Flotation Products of Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ores in the Presence of In Situ CaO During Carbothermic Reduction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月18日

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  • Peng Zeng,
  • Chengyan Wang,
  • Minting Li,
  • Baozhong Ma,
  • Xuchang Wei

摘要

Carbothermal reduction is an effective method to extract zinc from low-grade zinc-bearing materials (zinc exists mainly in the form of oxide), but the efficient extraction of zinc from zinc sulfide mineral (such as sphalerite) is a challenge for traditional pyrometallurgy methods. The presence of the ZnS phase in an oxide–sulfide mixed zinc ore significantly hinders the efficient volatilization of zinc. This study utilizes a large amount of in situ CaO in flotation products (FP) to facilitate the transformation and volatilization of ZnS during carbothermal reduction. At 900°C, calcite in FP completely decomposes into CaO, which serves as a calcium source for transforming ZnS. At temperatures above 884°C, ZnS can be transformed by CaO in the presence of carbon. The transformation of ZnS mainly proceeds at above 1100°C. Higher temperatures, CaO/ZnS molar ratios, and C/ZnS molar ratios enhance the efficiency of zinc volatilization. For the high efficiency volatilization of zinc, the mole ratio of CaO/ZnS should be controlled above 1.5. The volatilization rates of zinc from natural sphalerite and FP exceed 99%. The findings provide theoretical guidance for recovering zinc from an oxide-sulfide mixed zinc ore through carbothermic reduction.