<p>Zinc oxide minerals possess complex compositions and structures, with a variety of types, leading to poor performance of traditional beneficiation methods when processing such ores. Consequently, recovery rates and grades are often less than satisfactory. Therefore, developing efficient beneficiation processes suitable for complex zinc oxide ores is of great significance for improving resource utilization, reducing smelting costs, and achieving efficient utilization of mineral resources. The innovation of this paper lies in the systematic optimization of the flotation process and the beneficiation reagents, which preliminarily enhanced the grade and recovery rate of zinc concentrate through primary roughing. Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on evaluating the flotation performance of self-made high-efficiency reagents based on the exploration of flotation time and reagent dosage, and determining the optimal process conditions. By reasonably adjusting the dosage of conventional and self-made reagents, an optimized roughing scheme was eventually formulated, achieving the best balance between the grade and recovery rate of zinc concentrate. This scheme provides an effective roughing process for the beneficiation of low-grade lead–zinc mixed sulfide–oxide ores, which, combined with subsequent cleaning processes, will further promote zinc recovery and the efficient utilization of resources.</p>