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<p>The development of quantum-resistant security solutions has become a major requirement for securing Industry 4.0 environments. This is due to the immense computational power of quantum computing, which threatens traditional cryptography systems. The article is devoted to the study of quantum and post-quantum security mechanisms, including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Digital Signatures (QDS), and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems like lattice, code, and hash-based. The goal of current research is to propose a systematic evaluation strategy to compare alternative methodologies with respect to critical performance variables. The aforementioned features include security strength, processing overhead, latency, scalability, and practical deployment. In addition, a scientometric analysis of 2,779 papers from the Scopus database (2016–2025) is performed to identify the main research trends, leading contributors, and future directions in quantum security. In the current study, the importance of these factors is examined. It is a reflection of the increasing focus on secure integration, quantum-computation-safe cryptographic protocols, and hybrid quantum-classical architectures. The research also highlights substantial trade-offs and deployment issues applicable to the real world associated with alternative security paradigms. It provides a data-driven and analytical basis to support researchers and engineers in the development of secure, scalable, and future-ready Industry 4.0 systems.</p>

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Impact of Quantum and Post-Quantum Security Mechanisms on Industry 4.0 Applications and Smart Engineering Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Manmohan Singh,
  • Sandeep Kumar Sood,
  • Munish Bhatia

摘要

The development of quantum-resistant security solutions has become a major requirement for securing Industry 4.0 environments. This is due to the immense computational power of quantum computing, which threatens traditional cryptography systems. The article is devoted to the study of quantum and post-quantum security mechanisms, including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Digital Signatures (QDS), and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems like lattice, code, and hash-based. The goal of current research is to propose a systematic evaluation strategy to compare alternative methodologies with respect to critical performance variables. The aforementioned features include security strength, processing overhead, latency, scalability, and practical deployment. In addition, a scientometric analysis of 2,779 papers from the Scopus database (2016–2025) is performed to identify the main research trends, leading contributors, and future directions in quantum security. In the current study, the importance of these factors is examined. It is a reflection of the increasing focus on secure integration, quantum-computation-safe cryptographic protocols, and hybrid quantum-classical architectures. The research also highlights substantial trade-offs and deployment issues applicable to the real world associated with alternative security paradigms. It provides a data-driven and analytical basis to support researchers and engineers in the development of secure, scalable, and future-ready Industry 4.0 systems.